Guiding Clinical Reasoning with Large Language Models via Knowledge Seeds

本文是LLM系列文章,针对《Guiding Clinical Reasoning with Large Language Models via Knowledge Seeds》的翻译。

通过知识种子引导大型语言模型进行临床推理

摘要

临床推理是指医生在评估和管理患者时所采用的认知过程。这一过程通常包括建议必要的检查、诊断患者的疾病和选择适当的治疗方法等。准确的临床推理需要广泛的医学知识和丰富的临床经验,这为医生设定了很高的标准。这在发展中国家尤其具有挑战性,因为患者数量巨大,医生资源有限,严重加剧了全球卫生不平等,需要采用自动化的临床推理方法。最近,大型语言模型(LLM)的出现,如ChatGPT和GPT-4,已经证明了它们在临床推理中的潜力。然而,这些LLM容易出现幻觉问题,LLM的推理过程可能与医生的临床决策途径不一致。在这项研究中,我们引入了一个新的框架,即上下文填充(ICP),以增强医学知识的LLM推理。具体来说,我们推断关键的临床推理元素(称为知识种子),并将其用作锚来指导LLM的生成过程。在两个临床问题数据集上的实验验证了ICP显著提高了LLM的临床推理能力。

1 引言

2 相关工作

3 方法

4 实验和结果

5 分析和案例

6 结论

在这项研究中,我们提出了一个简单而有效的上下文填充框架,该框架1)使用医学知识图谱识别潜在的知识种子;以及2)增强LLM在临床推理

### Chain-of-Thought Prompting Mechanism in Large Language Models In large language models, chain-of-thought prompting serves as a method to enhance reasoning capabilities by guiding the model through structured thought processes. This approach involves breaking down complex problems into simpler components and providing step-by-step guidance that mirrors human cognitive processing. The creation of these prompts typically includes selecting examples from training datasets where each example represents part of an overall problem-solving process[^2]. By decomposing tasks into multiple steps, this technique encourages deeper understanding and more accurate predictions compared to traditional methods. For instance, when faced with multi-hop question answering or logical deduction challenges, using such chains allows models not only to generate correct answers but also articulate intermediate thoughts leading up to those conclusions. Such transparency facilitates better interpretability while improving performance on various NLP benchmarks. ```python def create_chain_of_thought_prompt(task_description, examples): """ Creates a chain-of-thought prompt based on given task description and examples. Args: task_description (str): Description of the task at hand. examples (list): List containing tuples of input-output pairs used for demonstration purposes. Returns: str: Formatted string representing the final prompt including both instructions and sample cases. """ formatted_examples = "\n".join([f"Input: {ex[0]}, Output: {ex[1]}" for ex in examples]) return f""" Task: {task_description} Examples: {formatted_examples} Now try solving similar questions following above pattern. """ # Example usage examples = [ ("What color do you get mixing red and blue?", "Purple"), ("If it rains tomorrow, will we have our picnic?", "No") ] print(create_chain_of_thought_prompt("Solve logic puzzles", examples)) ```
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