Leveraging Heterogeneous Graph-enhanced Large Language Models for Few-shot Complex Table Understand

本文是LLM系列文章,针对《HGT: Leveraging Heterogeneous Graph-enhanced Large Language Models for Few-shot Complex Table Understanding》的翻译。

HGT:利用异构图增强的大型语言模型实现对少量复杂表的理解

摘要

表理解(TU)已经取得了可喜的进展,但它面临着手动标记表的稀缺性和复杂表结构的存在等挑战。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了HGT,这是一个具有异构图(HG)增强的大型语言模型(LLM)的框架,用于处理少量TU任务。它通过软提示和指令转向将表语义与LLM的参数知识对齐来利用LLM,并通过涉及三个新的多粒度自监督HG预训练目标的多任务预训练方案来处理复杂的表。我们实证证明了HGT的有效性,表明它在几个基准上优于SOTA的小样本复杂TU。

1 引言

2 相关工作

3 任务定义

4 方法

5 实验

6 结论

在本文中,我们介绍了一种新的框架,即HGT,它是为小样本复杂TU量身定制的。在CTC、TTC和表QA的多个数据集上验证了HGT的有效性,并进行了深入的消融研究,以检查每个组件的影响。
在未来的工作中,我们计划将HGT的适用性扩展到具有更多样化布局的表,并通过实现增强模型推理能力的技术,进一步提高HGT在表QA任务中的性能。

局限

### Few-Shot Classification Introduction Few-shot classification refers to a type of machine learning problem where the model is required to learn from very few examples per class, typically one or five samples only. This setting contrasts with traditional supervised learning methods that rely on large datasets for training models effectively[^2]. In this paradigm, algorithms must generalize well even when exposed to limited data points. The approach involves designing networks capable of adapting quickly based on minimal information about new classes not seen during initial training phases. Such systems often employ meta-learning strategies which allow them to improve performance over time as they encounter more tasks within similar domains but different specific instances. #### Applications of Few-Shot Learning One notable application area lies in image recognition problems such as object detection and categorization under constrained conditions like low-resource environments or rare event identification scenarios. For instance, medical imaging analysis may benefit significantly since acquiring extensive labeled patient records can be challenging due to privacy concerns and cost factors involved[^3]. Another domain benefiting greatly includes natural language processing (NLP), particularly intent parsing and entity extraction from text inputs containing novel entities previously unseen by pre-trained models. By leveraging few-shot techniques, developers ensure their solutions remain robust against emerging trends without necessitating constant retraining efforts whenever fresh categories emerge. In addition, robotics also finds utility through rapid adaptation capabilities provided via these methodologies enabling machines equipped with computer vision sensors to recognize unfamiliar objects swiftly after observing just several exemplars. ```python def few_shot_classifier(train_set, test_instance): """ A simple implementation demonstrating how a classifier might work using support sets. Args: train_set (list): List of tuples representing each known category's sample(s). Each tuple contains features vector followed by label string. test_instance (tuple): Features vectors corresponding to an unknown item awaiting prediction. Returns: str: Predicted class name associated most closely with given input feature set. """ distances = [] labels = [] # Calculate distance between test case & all training cases; store results alongside respective tags for example in train_set: dist = euclidean_distance(test_instance[0], example[0]) distances.append(dist) labels.append(example[-1]) k_nearest_indices = np.argsort(distances)[:k] vote_counts = Counter([labels[i] for i in k_nearest_indices]).most_common(1) return vote_counts[0][0] ``` --related questions-- 1. What are some common challenges faced while implementing few-shot learning? 2. How does transfer learning differ from few-shot learning approaches? 3. Can you provide real-world examples beyond those mentioned here where few-shot learning has been successfully applied? 4. Are there any limitations inherent to current implementations of few-shot classifiers? If so, what research directions could address these issues? 5. Explain the role played by metric-based methods in achieving effective few-shot generalizations.
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