进程通信举例

进程通信举例

1）剪贴板ClipBoard

2）窗口消息：

3）文件映射（File Mapping）：在32位系统中提供的新方法，可用来共享内存

4）远程数据写入/读取

5）管道（Pipe）：用于设置应用程序间的一条永久通讯通道，通过该通道可以象自己的应用程序访问一个平面文件一样读写数据。

6）邮件槽（Mailslots）：广播式通信,在32系统中提供的新方法，可以在不同主机间交换数据，在 WIN9X下只支持邮件槽客户

7）Windows套接字（Windows Socket）：它具备消息管道所有的功能，但遵守一套通信标准使的不同操作系统之上的应 用程序之间可以互相通信。

数据发送端:

#include <windows.h> #include <winsock.h> #include "resource.h" #pragma comment(lib,"wsock32.lib") #define MAX_LENGTH 512 #define WM_SOCKET WM_USER+3 HINSTANCE g_hInstance; LRESULT CALLBACK DlgProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM); TCHAR szMMFName[] = L"MAP_SHAREFILE"; HWND g_hDlg = NULL; int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { g_hInstance = hInstance; DialogBoxParam(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1),NULL,(DLGPROC)DlgProc,0); return (0); } void SendClipboardData(HWND hDlg,char *buffer) //数据写入粘贴板 { // 打开系统剪贴板. if (!OpenClipboard(NULL)) return; // 使用之前，清空系统剪贴板. EmptyClipboard(); // 分配一内存，大小等于要拷贝的字符串的大小，返回的内存控制句柄. HGLOBAL hClipboardData; hClipboardData = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, strlen(buffer)+1); // 内存控制句柄加锁，返回值为指向那内存控制句柄所在的特定数据格式的指针. char * pchData; pchData = (char*)GlobalLock(hClipboardData); // 将本地变量的值赋给全局内存. strcpy(pchData, buffer); // 给加锁的全局内存控制句柄解锁. GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData); // 通过全局内存句柄将要拷贝的数据放到剪贴板上. SetClipboardData(CF_TEXT,hClipboardData); // 使用完后关闭剪贴板. CloseClipboard(); } HWND GetProcHWND() { HWND pWnd = FindWindow(NULL,L"DataRec_by:gongchao"); // 查找DataRec进程. return pWnd; } void SendCopyData(HWND hDlg,char *buffer) { HWND pWnd = GetProcHWND(); if(pWnd ==NULL){ MessageBox(hDlg,L"Unable to find DataRec_by:gongchao Process.",L"error",MB_OK); return; } COPYDATASTRUCT cpd; // 给COPYDATASTRUCT结构赋值. cpd.dwData = 0; cpd.cbData = strlen(buffer); cpd.lpData = buffer; SendMessage(pWnd,WM_COPYDATA,NULL,(LPARAM)&cpd);// 发送. return; } HANDLE ClientCreatePipeFile() { TCHAR szPipeName[]=L"////.//pipe//ssnp//"; return CreateFile(szPipeName, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ| FILE_SHARE_WRITE,NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, NULL); } HANDLE ClientCreateSlotFile() { TCHAR szMailslotName[]= L"////.//mailslot//sms"; // 为发送消息创建mailslot文件句柄. return CreateFile(szMailslotName, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ| FILE_SHARE_WRITE,NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, // FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH 设定阻塞. NULL); } UINT InitSocket(SOCKET *phSocket) { WORD wVersionRequested; WSADATA wsaData; wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ); WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData ); *phSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0); WSAAsyncSelect(*phSocket,g_hDlg,WM_SOCKET,FD_READ|FD_WRITE); return 0; } void SendData(SOCKET hSocket,char *buffer) { sockaddr_in addr={0}; addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; addr.sin_port = htons(9999);//设端口为9999 //发送数据 sendto(hSocket,buffer,strlen(buffer)+1,0,(const struct sockaddr*)&addr,sizeof(sockaddr_in)); return; } LRESULT CALLBACK DlgProc(HWND hwnd,UINT uMsg,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam) { HICON hIcon; char buffer[MAX_LENGTH]={0}; static int flag = 0; static HANDLE hMapFile = NULL; static HANDLE hPipe = NULL; static HANDLE hSMS_Slot = NULL; static SOCKET hSocket = NULL; char *lpMem=NULL; DWORD PID,dwNumBytesWritten; HANDLE hProcess; LPVOID lpBaseAddress; switch(uMsg) { case WM_INITDIALOG: g_hDlg = hwnd; //hIcon = LoadIcon(g_hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(MYICON)); //SetClassLong(hwnd,GCL_HICON,(long)hIcon); hMapFile = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)-1,NULL,PAGE_READWRITE,0,4096,szMMFName);//创建内存映射对象 //初始化socket InitSocket(&hSocket); break; case WM_COMMAND: { switch(wParam) { case IDC_BUTTON1://通过粘贴板进行数据通信 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT1,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); SendClipboardData(hwnd,buffer); break; case IDC_BUTTON2://WM_COPYDATA消息 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT2,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); SendCopyData(hwnd,buffer); break; case IDC_BUTTON3://内存映射文件 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT3,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); hMapFile = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE,0,szMMFName); lpMem = (char *)MapViewOfFile(hMapFile,FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE,0,0,0); memcpy(lpMem,buffer,strlen(buffer)+1); CloseHandle(hMapFile);//关闭映射文件句柄 SendMessage(GetProcHWND(),WM_USER+1,0,0);//通知数据更新 break; case IDC_BUTTON4://远程数据写入 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT4,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); // 获取进程号. GetWindowThreadProcessId(GetProcHWND(), (DWORD*)&PID ); hProcess = OpenProcess (PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,FALSE,PID); // 分配虚拟内存. lpBaseAddress = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, 0, MAX_LENGTH, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE); // 把字符串写入hProcess进程的内存. WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, lpBaseAddress, buffer, strlen(buffer)+1, NULL); // 发送基址给DataRec_by:gongchaov进程. SendMessage(GetProcHWND(),WM_USER+2,0,(LPARAM)lpBaseAddress); // 等待接收程序接收数据. Sleep(100); // 释放虚拟内存. VirtualFreeEx(hProcess,lpBaseAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE); break; case IDC_BUTTON5://管道通信 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT5,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); if(GetProcHWND() == NULL) { MessageBox(hwnd,L"SerProcess NOT run./n",L"ERROR",MB_OK); break; } if(hPipe == NULL) hPipe = ClientCreatePipeFile(); // 检查并判别命名管道文件是否被打开 if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || hPipe == NULL){ MessageBox(hwnd,L"Unable to create a named pipe.",L"ERROR",MB_OK); break; } else //管道文件被打开，写入数据 WriteFile(hPipe,buffer, (DWORD)strlen(buffer)+1,&dwNumBytesWritten,(LPOVERLAPPED) NULL); break; case IDC_BUTTON6://邮件槽 RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT6,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); if(GetProcHWND() == NULL) { MessageBox(hwnd,L"SerProcess NOT run./n",L"ERROR",MB_OK); break; } if(hSMS_Slot == NULL) hSMS_Slot = ClientCreateSlotFile(); // 检查并判别命名管道文件是否被打开 if (hSMS_Slot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || hSMS_Slot == NULL){ MessageBox(hwnd,L"Unable to Open SMS_SLOTS./n",L"ERROR",MB_OK); break; } else //邮件槽文件被打开，写入数据 WriteFile(hSMS_Slot,buffer, (DWORD)strlen(buffer)+1,&dwNumBytesWritten,(LPOVERLAPPED) NULL); break; case IDC_BUTTON7://socket RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); GetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT7,buffer,MAX_LENGTH); if(GetProcHWND() == NULL) { MessageBox(hwnd,L"SerProcess NOT run./n",L"ERROR",MB_OK); break; } //发送数据 SendData(hSocket,buffer); } } break; case WM_CLOSE: CloseHandle(hMapFile);//关闭映射文件句柄 CloseHandle(hPipe); CloseHandle(hSMS_Slot); closesocket(hSocket); WSACleanup(); EndDialog(hwnd,1); break; } return false; }

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数据接收端:

#include <windows.h> #include <winsock.h> #include "resource.h" #pragma comment(lib,"wsock32.lib") #define WM_SOCKET WM_USER+3 #define MAX_LENGTH 512 HINSTANCE g_hInstance; LRESULT CALLBACK DlgProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM); TCHAR szMMFName[] = L"MAP_SHAREFILE"; HANDLE hThreadPipSer = NULL,hThreadMailSlots = NULL; HWND g_hDlg = NULL; int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { g_hInstance = hInstance; DialogBoxParam(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1),NULL,(DLGPROC)DlgProc,0); return (0); } void GetClipboardData(HWND hDlg,char *buffer) { // 打开系统剪贴板. if (!OpenClipboard(NULL)) return; // 判断剪贴板上的数据是否是指定的数据格式. if (IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_TEXT)|| IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_OEMTEXT)) { // 从剪贴板上获得数据. HANDLE hClipboardData = GetClipboardData(CF_TEXT); // 通过给内存句柄加锁，获得指向指定格式数据的指针. char *pchData = (char*)GlobalLock(hClipboardData); // 本地变量获得数据. strcpy(buffer,pchData); // 给内存句柄解锁. GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData); } else { MessageBox(hDlg,L"There is no text (ANSI) data on the Clipboard.",L"error",MB_OK); } // 使用完后关闭剪贴板. CloseClipboard(); } void NamedPipeReadProc(HANDLE hPipe) { DWORD dwNumBytesRead,dwNumBytesWrite; char toDisptxt[80]; // 允许客户连接命名管道,如果不成功，终止. if(!ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, (LPOVERLAPPED) NULL)) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to connect a named pipe",L"error",MB_OK); CloseHandle(hPipe); return ; } // 反复检查消息直到程序终止. while(1) { // 读取消息并检查读取数据是否成功. if (!ReadFile(hPipe, toDisptxt,sizeof(toDisptxt), &dwNumBytesRead, (LPOVERLAPPED) NULL)) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to read from named pipe." ,L"ERROR",MB_OK); CloseHandle(hPipe); return; } SetDlgItemTextA(g_hDlg,IDC_EDIT5,toDisptxt); } return ; } HANDLE ServerCreateNamedPipe() { TCHAR szPipeName[]=L"////.//pipe//ssnp//"; // 为接收消息创建命名管道. HANDLE hPipe=CreateNamedPipe(szPipeName, PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, // 阻塞模式. PIPE_WAIT|PIPE_TYPE_BYTE, PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, 128,128,NULL,NULL); // 检查是否命名管道被创建. if (hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to create a named pipe./n",L"error",MB_OK); return NULL; } hThreadPipSer = CreateThread(NULL,0,(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE )NamedPipeReadProc ,hPipe,0,0); return hPipe; } UINT MailSlotsReadProc(HANDLE hSMS_Slot) { DWORD dwNextSize; DWORD dwMsgs; DWORD dwNumBytesRead; BOOL bStatus; char toDisptxt[100]; // 反复检查消息直到程序终止. while(1) { bStatus=GetMailslotInfo(hSMS_Slot,(LPDWORD) NULL, &dwNextSize, &dwMsgs,(LPDWORD) NULL); if (!bStatus) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to get status.",L"Error",MB_OK); CloseHandle(hSMS_Slot); return 1; } // 如果有消息,获取它. if (dwMsgs&&dwNextSize!=-1) { // 读取消息并检查读取是否成功. if (!ReadFile(hSMS_Slot, toDisptxt, dwNextSize,&dwNumBytesRead, (LPOVERLAPPED) NULL)) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to read from mailslot.",L"Error",MB_OK); CloseHandle(hSMS_Slot); return 1; } else{ // 打印消息. SetDlgItemTextA(g_hDlg,IDC_EDIT6,toDisptxt); } } else Sleep(250); } return 0; } HANDLE ServerCreateMailSlots() { TCHAR szMailslotName[]=L"////.//mailslot//sms"; //建立邮件槽 HANDLE hSMS_Slot=CreateMailslot(szMailslotName,0, 0, (LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES) NULL); // 检查mailslot是否被创建. if (hSMS_Slot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { MessageBox(g_hDlg,L"Unable to create mailslot. ",L"error",MB_OK); return NULL; } hThreadMailSlots=CreateThread(NULL,0,(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE )MailSlotsReadProc,hSMS_Slot,0,NULL); // 启动线程. return hSMS_Slot; } UINT InitSocket(SOCKET *phSocket) { WORD wVersionRequested; WSADATA wsaData; wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ); WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData ); *phSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0); WSAAsyncSelect(*phSocket,g_hDlg,WM_SOCKET,FD_READ); sockaddr_in addr={0}; addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr =INADDR_ANY; addr.sin_family = AF_INET; addr.sin_port = htons(9999);//设端口为9999 bind(*phSocket,(const sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr)); return 0; } void revData(SOCKET hSocket, char *buffer) { sockaddr_in addr={0}; int len_add = sizeof(addr); recvfrom(hSocket,buffer,MAX_LENGTH,0,(sockaddr *)&addr,&len_add); } LRESULT CALLBACK DlgProc(HWND hwnd,UINT uMsg,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam) { HICON hIcon; char buffer[MAX_LENGTH]={0}; PCOPYDATASTRUCT pMyCDS; char *lpMem=NULL; HANDLE hMapFile = NULL; HANDLE hProcess=NULL; static HANDLE hPipe = NULL; static HANDLE hSMS_Slot = NULL; static SOCKET hSocket = NULL; switch(uMsg) { case WM_INITDIALOG: //hIcon = LoadIcon(g_hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(MYICON)); //SetClassLong(hwnd,GCL_HICON,(long)hIcon); g_hDlg = hwnd; hPipe = ServerCreateNamedPipe();//创建管道服务 hSMS_Slot = ServerCreateMailSlots();//创建邮件槽服务 InitSocket(&hSocket);//初始化SOCKET break; case WM_COPYDATA: //通过COPYDATA进行数据通信 pMyCDS = (PCOPYDATASTRUCT)lParam; RtlZeroMemory(buffer,MAX_LENGTH); memcpy(buffer,(char *)pMyCDS->lpData,pMyCDS->cbData); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT2, buffer); break; case WM_USER+1: //通过内存映射文件获得数据 hMapFile = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE,0,szMMFName); lpMem = (char *)MapViewOfFile(hMapFile,FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE,0,0,0); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT3,lpMem); CloseHandle(hMapFile); break; case WM_USER+2://远程数据写入 ReadProcessMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), (LPVOID)lParam,buffer,MAX_LENGTH, NULL); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT4,buffer); break; case WM_SOCKET://socket消息 if((lParam&0xffff) == FD_READ){ revData(hSocket,buffer); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT7,buffer); } break; case WM_COMMAND: { switch(wParam) { case IDC_BUTTON1: //通过粘贴板进行数据通信 GetClipboardData(hwnd,buffer); SetDlgItemTextA(hwnd,IDC_EDIT1,buffer); break; case IDCANCEL: EndDialog(hwnd,1); break; } } break; case WM_CLOSE: CloseHandle(hMapFile);//关闭映射文件句柄 CloseHandle(hPipe); CloseHandle(hSMS_Slot); closesocket(hSocket); WSACleanup(); EndDialog(hwnd,1); break; } return false; }