一、start()和run()
这两个方法是在开发中实现多线时,最常接触的方法,start()是线程启动的方法,run()是线程中具体要实现的业务逻辑,这两个方法有直接的联系,但又是两个完全不同的方法,start()用来启动一个新的线程,而启动的新的线程主题逻辑就是run()。这两个方法不能孤立存在,只有start()不产生任何现实意义,只有run()不会创建新的线程。
实例代码:
public class StartAndRunMethod { public static void main(String[] args){ Runnable runnable = () -> { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); }; /** * 直接调用run方法是直接通过主线程来执行的, * 这肯定是不符合我们的本意,我们是准备新建一个线程执行的; * */ runnable.run(); /** * 通过新建子线程进行执行的; * */ new Thread(runnable).start(); } }
二、start()方法的作用:
1、启动新的线程:
start()通知jvm在空闲的情况下启动新线程,所以说启动一个新线程的本质就是请求jvm来运行我们的线程,对于这个线程何时可以运行,并不是由我们决定的,而是说线程调度器决定。所以start执行之后,子线程并不一定会运行,它可能稍后才会运行,可能很长时间都不被运行,比如遇到了饥饿的情况;
2、线程执行前的准备工作:子线程运行之前的准备工作,包含:让子线程处于就绪状态(已经设置了上下文,栈,线程状态,以及PC(寄存器)),处于等待CPU的状态;做完准备工作之后,我们的线程才能被jvm或操作系统进一步调度到执行状态,调度到执行状态,等待获取cpu资源,然后才能真正的进入到运行状态,执行run方法里面的那些代码。
3、不能重复start();重复调用start()会报java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException异常,因为在调用start()的时候会先判断Thread状态,也就是threadStatus 是否为0,如果不为0,也就是线程已经启动过了,就直接抛IllegalThreadStateException异常。
源码:
/* Java thread status for tools, * initialized to indicate thread 'not yet started' */ private volatile int threadStatus = 0;
从start()源码可以看出,线程的启动要经过:
1、检查新新线程状态,验证线程是否尚未启动(threadStatus是否为0 );
2、加入线程组;
3、调用start0()通知jvm启动线程;
/** * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine * calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread. * <p> * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the * current thread (which returns from the call to the * <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its * <code>run</code> method). * <p> * It is never legal to start a thread more than once. * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed * execution. * * @exception IllegalThreadStateException if the thread was already * started. * @see #run() * @see #stop() */ public synchronized void start() { /** * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system" * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM. * * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW". */ if (threadStatus != 0) throw new IllegalThreadStateException(); /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */ group.add(this); boolean started = false; try { start0(); started = true; } finally { try { if (!started) { group.threadStartFailed(this); } } catch (Throwable ignore) { /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then it will be passed up the call stack */ } } }
实例代码:
/** * 描述: 测试如果两次执行start方法会怎么样 * * **/ public class CantStartTwice { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread = new Thread(); thread.start(); thread.start(); } }
三、Run()源码:
/* What will be run. */ private Runnable target;
/** * If this thread was constructed using a separate * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that * <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called; * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns. * <p> * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method. * * @see #start() * @see #stop() * @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String) */ @Override public void run() { if (target != null) { target.run(); } }
如果通过Runnable方法创建线程,将传入的对象赋值给target,调用Thread提供的run(),通过继承Thread实现,重写run(),执行子类重写的run();