Chapter 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology_dies per wafer公式-优快云博客

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本文详细解答了关于计算机抽象和技术的习题，涵盖了个人电脑、服务器、超级计算机、嵌入式计算机的特性；编译过程；内存层次结构；性能指标计算；处理器性能比较；动态和静态功率计算；并行计算效率；半导体制造成本和良品率等多个方面的内容。

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1.13 Exercises

1.1

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Personal computers(PCs) emphasize delivery of good performance to single users at low cost and usually execute third-party software.

Servers are the modern form of what were once much larger computers,and are usually accessed only via a network.

Supercomputers are that a class of computers with the highest performance and cost.

Embedded computers are the largest class of computers and span the widest range of applications and performance.

1.2

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a. performance via pipelining
b.dependability via redundancy
c. use abstraction to simplify design
d. make the common case fast
e. performance via prediction
f. design for Moore’s Law
g. performance via parallelism
h. hierarchy of memories

1.3

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High-level language program ------(Compiler)-------> Assembly language program ------(Assembler)------> Binary machine language program

1.4

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a. 1280 * 1024 * 8 * 3 / 8 = 3932160 bytes
b. (3932160 * 8) / (100 * 2^20) = 0.3 s

1.5

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a.
Execution time = Instruction count * CPI / clock rate
result = Instruction count / Execution time = clock rate / CPI
result1 = 3 / 1.5 = 2
result2 = 2.5 / 1.0 = 2.5
result3 = 4.0 / 2.2 = 1.82
so processor B has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second.