在flask中实现验证用户登录

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-17 22:55:21 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-03-17 22:55:21 发布 · 1.5k 阅读

6 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#flask #python

flask 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章

订阅专栏

该博客介绍了如何使用Python的Flask框架和Flask-Login库来实现用户登录验证。首先，配置了Flask应用，包括数据库连接、密钥设置和登录管理器。接着定义了User模型，包含用户名和密码散列，并实现了密码验证方法。然后，创建了用户登录表单，使用WTForms进行验证。最后，设置了登录路由，处理登录请求并重定向到首页。登录后的首页仅对已登录用户可见。

flask验证用户登录

from flask import Flask, flash, render_template, redirect, url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from flask_login import UserMixin, login_required, LoginManager, login_user
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Length
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField, PasswordField
from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask_migrate import Migrate
import os

base_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "sdflk*()"
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = \
	'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(base_dir, 'data.sqlite')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)
login_manager.login_view = 'login' # 设置登录页面的端点
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)

class UserForm(FlaskForm):

    username = StringField('username', validators=[DataRequired(), Length(5, 15)])
    password = PasswordField('password', validators=[DataRequired(), Length(5, 15)])
    submit = SubmitField('login')

class User(UserMixin , db.Model):

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))

    @property
    def password(self):
    	'''设置密码的属性为只写，如果强行读取则返回错误'''
        raise AttributeError('密码不能读取')
    
    @password.setter
    def password(self, password):
    	'''当类初始化时自动调用，把password的值转换为散列值'''
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
    
    def verify_password(self, password) -> bool:
    	'''用于登录时验证密码'''
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

@login_manager.user_loader # 把函数注册给flask-login, 当flask-login要获取用户信息时调用
def load_user(id):
	'''用于加载用户'''
    return User.query.get(int(id))

@app.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = UserForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is not None:
            if user.verify_password(form.password.data):
                flash('登录成功')
                login_user(user)# login_user的参数为要登录的用户，以及可选的"记住我"布尔值
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
        flash('登录失败')
    return render_template('login.html', form=form)

@app.route("/")
@login_required # 用于保护路由，只允许登录过的用户访问
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

@app.shell_context_processor
def make_context_processor():
    return dict(db=db, User=User)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run("0.0.0.0", 9999, True)

login.html

{% extends 'bootstrap/base.html' %}
{% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %}
{% block content %}
    
    <div class="container">
        
        <div class="page-header">
          <h1>Login</h1>
        </div>
        {% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
            {% if messages %}
                {% for message in messages %}
                    
                    <span class="label label-info">{{message}}</span><!-- 打印闪现消息-->
                    
                {% endfor %}
            {% endif %}
        {% endwith %}
        <div class="col-xs-5 col-sm-5 col-md-5 col-lg-5">
            {{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
        </div>
        
    </div>
    
{% endblock content %}

index.html

{% extends 'bootstrap/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    
    <div class="container">
        
        <div class="page-header">
          <h1>Index</h1>
        
        </div>
        <p>登录成功</p>
        
    </div>
    
{% endblock content %}