翻译：测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）（1）

原文来自www.tmmi foundation.org/        TMMi Framework.pdf

 

1 Test Maturity Model Integration (TMMi)

1 测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）

1.1 Introduction

1.1 介绍

For the past decade, the software industry has put substantial effort in improving the quality of its products. This has been a difficult job, since the size and complexity of software increases rapidly while customers and users are becoming more and more demanding. Despite encouraging results with various quality improvement approaches,the software industry is still far from zero defects. To improve product quality, the software industry has much focused on improving their development processes. A guideline that has been widely used to improve the development processes is the Capability Maturity Model. The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and its’ successor the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) are often regarded as the industry standard for software process improvement. Despite the fact that testing often accounts for at least 30-40% of the total project costs, only limited attention is given to testing in the various software process improvement models such as the CMM and the CMMI. As an answer, the testing community has created its complementary improvement models. This document describes the Test Maturity Model Integration (TMMi). The TMMi is a detailed model for test process improvement and is positioned as being complementary to the CMMI.

在过去的10年间，软件产业界花费了大量的努力用以提高它的产品质量。这无疑是个艰巨的工作，因为软件的体积和复杂度正在随着客户和最终用户越来越多的需求而飞速的增长 。尽管采用了多种质量提高手段软件产业仍然远离零缺陷。为了提高产品质量，软件产业界把重点放在了提高开发过程上。一个准则，能力成熟度模型（CMM）已经被广泛使用。能 力成熟度模型（CMM）和它的接替者，能力成熟度模型集成（CMMI）常常被作为软件开发过程的工业标准。尽管事实上测试至少要占到整个项目花费的30%－40%，但是在各种软件过 程改进模型如CMM和CMMI，测试仍然被很少提及。测试社区创建了互补的改进模型来响应这个问题。本文就描述了这种模型，测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）。TMMi是测试过程改进的 详细模型并且作为CMMi的互补。

1.2 Background and History

1.2 背景和历史

The TMMi1 framework has been developed by the TMMi Foundation as a guideline and reference framework for test process improvement and is positioned as a complementary model to the CMMI2 Version 1.2 [CMMI] addressing those issues important to test managers, test engineers and software quality professionals. Testing as defined in the TMMi is applied in its broadest sense to encompass all software product quality-related activities. TMMi框架由TMMi协会开发并作为准则框架对测试过程改进做指导。TMMi也作为CMMI1.2版本的互补模型来对测试经理，测试工程师和软件质量专家定位某些问题的重要性。

 Testing: The process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects. [ISTQB]

*这个应该是测试的定义，要看下别人如何翻的* 测试：测试过程包含所有生命周期活动，包括静态和动态，包括软件产品的计划，准备和评估和相关的工作产物以决定他们对指定的需求满意，证明他们适合目标并作缺陷检查。

 Just like the CMMI staged representation, the TMMi also uses the concept of maturity levels for process evaluation and improvement. Furthermore process areas, goals and practices are identified. Applying the TMMi maturity criteria will improve the test process and have a positive impact on product quality, test engineering productivity, and cycle-time effort. The TMMi has been developed to support organizations at evaluating and improving their test process. Within the TMMi, testing evolves from a chaotic, ill-defined process with a lack of resources, tools and well-educated testers to a mature and controlled process that has defect prevention as its main objective. Practical experiences are positive and show that TMMi supports the process of establishing a more effective and efficient test process. Testing becomes a profession and a fully integrated part of the development process. As stated the focus of testing changes from defect detection to defect prevention.

像CMMI使用阶段描述一样，TMMi也使用成熟度水平概念来做过程评估和改进。此外还定义了过程域，目标和活动。TMMi成熟度标准的应用将改善测试过程，并对产品质量，测试工 程生产力和周期时间的努力有着积极的影响。TMMi已经被开发成支持组织评估和改善他们的测试过程。通过TMMi,测试从一个无序混乱，缺乏资源，工具和训练有素的测试人员的弱定义过程到成熟的，可控的并且有缺陷预防最为它主要目标的过程。实际的经验证明TMMi建立了一个更加高效的测试过程。测试成为了专职并且被融入到开发过程中。开始把重点由缺陷检测转到缺陷预防上来。