What's the difference between specially and especially?

本文详细解析了英语中specially与especially两个词的用法区别,包括它们在表达非常、特别、为特殊目的及以特殊方式时的不同应用场景。

http://www.learnersdictionary.com/qa/what-s-the-difference-between-specially-and-especially

The following is derived from the above site.

What is the difference between specially and especially? – Mary, United States

The meanings and usage of these two similar-sounding words overlap quite a bit, so it can be hard to figure out which one to use when. If you are interested in the details, I encourage you to read their entries in Merriam-Webster's Learner’s Dictionary. If that’s more information than you need, here are simple rules to follow that will insure that you are using these words correctly:

 

1. Use especially to mean “very” or “extremely,” as in these examples:

  • There is nothing especially radical about that idea. 
  • The food was not especially good. 
  • She loves flowers, especially roses.

2. Use especially when something stands out from all the others, and you want the meaning of “particularly,” as in these examples: 

  • She can't be sure she will win, especially at this early stage of the campaign. 
  • The appetizers and especially the soup were delicious. 

3. When you want to convey the meaning “for a special purpose,” or “specifically,” you can use either especially or specially. They are both correct. 

  • The speech was written especially/specially for the occasion. 

4. When you want to convey the meaning “in a special manner”, as in this example below, use specially. In this context, especially would sound odd or wrong to most native speakers. 

  • I don't want to be treated specially.
  • I don't want to be treated especially

 

 

especially

 ADVERB

used when mentioning conditions that make something more relevantimportant, or true

specially

 ADVERB

in a particular way, or for a particular purpose

uniquely

 ADVERB

especially

particularly

 ADVERB

used for emphasizing that something refers especially to one specific person, thing, or situation

notably

 ADVERB

FORMAL especially: used for introducing a good example of something

in particular

 PHRASE

especially

especially

 ADVERB

used for showing that what you are saying applies to one person or thing more than others

especially

 ADVERB

for a particular purpose or for a particular person

esp.

 ABBREVIATION

especially

above all

 PHRASE

used for referring to something that is more important than any of the other things you could mention

3) Reward: We define that the DG of proposed MT-FJSP will output the current targets vector C(4)(t + 1) = [MKTt+1,PECt+1,SECt+1,TECt+1] at each decision step t. After making at, all STNs in DG are divided into scheduled and unscheduled parts. The finish time FTi,j(t) and processing energy consumption peci,j(t) in hi,j(t) of scheduled STNs are calculated via constraint (8a)–(8e), while those of unscheduled STNs are estimated using estimation rule (9). Additionally, the transportation time and standby time generated from scheduled STN can be calculated by (5) and (6), while those generated from unscheduled STN are set to 0. Thus, C(4)(t + 1) = [maxi,j{FTi,j(t)}, I i=1 |Ji| j=1 peci,j(t), SEC,TEC]. Specially, for the initial state s0, all STN nodes are unscheduled; thus, C(4)(0) = [maxi,j{FTi,j(t)}, I i=1 |Ji| j=1 peci,j(t), 0, 0], which is defined as an ideal benchmark; and at decision step end, C(4)(end) = [MKT,PEC,SEC,TEC]. We define the rewards vector r(4) t =C(4)(t)−C(4)(t+1) at each step t, utilizing the difference between the previous and current targets. The goal of DRL is to maximize the cumulative discounted reward Gt from step t to the end with the discount factor γ. So when γ = 1, the total long-term sum of reward Gt = C(4)(0)−C(4)(end). In this case, the C(4)(0) is a constant calculated by s0 and represents the best-idealized targets, while the C(4)(end) represents the final targets when all jobs are completed. Consequently, learning the policy to maximize Gt is equal to minimize the objective cost in (8). Note that, we separately utilize real-time reward of MKT and SEC for the job agent, and PEC and TEC for the machine agent for strategy learning, while r(4) t is utilized in the global critic network.翻译并解读
最新发布
08-16
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