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记录一次Mac中已安装mysqlclient的报错及解决

在安装mysqlclient时，或者已经安装后还是无法启动django项目

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error  loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

解决办法

1. 使用homebrew安装mysql-client

   brew install mysql-client@8.4
   

2. 配置好环境变量

   # 使用的是8.4版本的，需要修改mysql-client为mysql-client@8.4
   echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/mysql-client/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
   echo 'export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/mysql-client/lib"' >> ~/.zshrc
   echo 'export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/mysql-client/include"' >> ~/.zshrc
   source ~/.zshrc
   

出现认证方法不对，依旧无法连接mysql

1. 出现错误

   django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2059, "Authentication plugin 'mysql_native_password' cannot be 
   loaded:dlopen(/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysqlclient/9.0.1/lib/plugin/mysql_native_password.so, 0x0002): 
   tried: '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql-client/9.0.1/lib/plugin/mysql_native_password.so' (no such file), 
   '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql-client/9.0.1/lib/plugin/mysql_native_password.so' (no such file), 
   '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql-client/9.0.1/lib/plugin/mysql_native_password.so' (no such file)")
   

   原因是MySQL客户端在尝试加载mysql_native_password插件时失败了,安装小于9.0版本的mysql-clietn

   brew install mysql-client@8.4
   

pkg-config

1. 如果在安装时出现

   Can not find valid pkg-config name. Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually [end of output]
   

   则是表明在构建mysqlclient时，无法找到有效的pkg-config，使用homebrew安装对应包

   brew install pkg-config
   

Homebrew太慢，brew换国内源，推荐清华源

在macOS上，您可以通过更改Homebrew的源来加速软件包的下载速度。以下是更改Homebrew源的步骤：

1. 备份现有的Homebrew源：
   首先，备份现有的Homebrew源，以防需要恢复：

   cd "$(brew --repo)"
   git remote -v
   

2. 更改Homebrew的主仓库源：
   将Homebrew的主仓库源更改为国内镜像源，例如清华大学的镜像源：

   git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
   

3. 更改Homebrew Core仓库源：
   将Homebrew Core仓库源更改为国内镜像源：

   git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
   

4. 更改Homebrew Cask仓库源：
   将Homebrew Cask仓库源更改为国内镜像源：

   git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
   

5. 更新Homebrew：
   更改源后，更新Homebrew以应用更改：

   brew update
   

6. 验证更改：
   验证更改是否生效：

   git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote -v
   git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core" remote -v
   git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask" remote -v
   

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