django入门教程1--设计模型、URL和模板

 

完整教程https://www.daimapi.com/django/intro/overview/

初识 Django¶

Django 最初被设计用于具有快速开发需求的新闻类站点，目的是要实现简单快捷的网站开发。以下内容简要介绍了如何使用 Django 实现一个数据库驱动的 Web 应用。

为了让您充分理解 Django 的工作原理，这份文档为您详细描述了相关的技术细节，不过这并不是一份入门教程或者是参考文档（我们当然也为您准备了这些）。如果您想要马上开始一个项目，可以从 实例教程 开始入手，或者直接开始阅读详细的 参考文档 。

设计模型¶

Django 无需数据库就可以使用，它提供了 对象关系映射器 通过此技术，你可以使用 Python 代码来描述数据库结构。

你可以使用强大的 数据-模型语句 来描述你的数据模型，这解决了数年以来在数据库模式中的难题。以下是一个简明的例子：

from django.db import models

class Reporter(models.Model):
    full_name = models.CharField(max_length=70)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.full_name

class Article(models.Model):
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    reporter = models.ForeignKey(Reporter, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.headline

应用数据模型¶

然后，运行 Django 命令行工具来创建数据库表：

$ python manage.py migrate

这个 migrate 命令查找你所有可用的模型并将在数据库中创建那些不存在的表，还可提供了可选的 丰富 schema 控制。

享用便捷的 API¶

接下来，你就可以使用一套便捷而丰富的 Python API 访问你的数据。这些 API 是即时创建的，而不用显式的生成代码：

# Import the models we created from our "news" app
>>> from news.models import Article, Reporter

# No reporters are in the system yet.
>>> Reporter.objects.all()
<QuerySet []>

# Create a new Reporter.
>>> r = Reporter(full_name='John Smith')

# Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
>>> r.save()

# Now it has an ID.
>>> r.id
1

# Now the new reporter is in the database.
>>> Reporter.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Reporter: John Smith>]>

# Fields are represented as attributes on the Python object.
>>> r.full_name
'John Smith'

# Django provides a rich database lookup API.
>>> Reporter.objects.get(id=1)
<Reporter: John Smith>
>>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__startswith='John')
<Reporter: John Smith>
>>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__contains='mith')
<Reporter: John Smith>
>>> Reporter.objects.get(id=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
DoesNotExist: Reporter matching query does not exist.

# Create an article.
>>> from datetime import date
>>> a = Article(pub_date=date.today(), headline='Django is cool',
...     content='Yeah.', reporter=r)
>>> a.save()

# Now the article is in the database.
>>> Article.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Article: Django is cool>]>

# Article objects get API access to related Reporter objects.
>>> r = a.reporter
>>> r.full_name
'John Smith'

# And vice versa: Reporter objects get API access to Article objects.
>>> r.article_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Article: Django is cool>]>

# The API follows relationships as far as you need, performing efficient
# JOINs for you behind the scenes.
# This finds all articles by a reporter whose name starts with "John".
>>> Article.objects.filter(reporter__full_name__startswith='John')
<QuerySet [<Article: Django is cool>]>

# Change an object by altering its attributes and calling save().
>>> r.full_name = 'Billy Goat'
>>> r.save()

# Delete an object with delete().
>>> r.delete()

完整教程https://www.daimapi.com/django/intro/overview/