本文详细介绍了LaTeX中各类数学符号的使用方法，包括希腊字母、二元操作符、关系符号、标点符号、箭头符号、特殊符号、变量大小符号、函数符号、分隔符、大分隔符、数学模式重音、其他构造、极限符号、积分符号等。
LaTeX Math Symbols
Prepared by L. Kocbach, on the basis of this document (origin: David Carlisle, Manchester University)
File A.tex contains all necessary codeThis file is prepared by running
latex A.tex
and cutting the pictures out of the resulting preview. Relevant parts of the latex code are reproduced under each of the pictures.
Some of the symbols have an explanatory text. This text is found in the latex code, mostly stating that they are parts of some spacial setup and cannot be used in standard LaTeX. Each of the figures also has a link to itself.
Greek Letters
t1.gif
\alpha \theta o \tau
\beta \vartheta \pi \upsilon
\gamma \gamma \varpi \phi
\delta \kappa \rho \varphi
\epsilon \lambda \varrho \chi
\varepsilon \mu \sigma \psi
\zeta \nu \varsigma \omega
\eta \xi
\Gamma \Lambda \Sigma \Psi
\Delta \Xi \Upsilon \Omega
\Theta \Pi \Phi
Binary Operation Symbols
t2.gif
\pm \cap \diamond \oplus
\mp \cup \bigtriangleup \ominus
\times \uplus \bigtriangledown \otimes
\div \sqcap \triangleleft \oslash
\ast \sqcup \triangleright \odot
\star \vee \lhd$^b$ \bigcirc
\circ \wedge \rhd$^b$ \dagger
\bullet \setminus \unlhd$^b$ \ddagger
\cdot \wr \unrhd$^b$ \amalg
+ -
$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
Use one of the style options
{\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.
Relation Symbols
t3.gif
\leq \geq \equiv \models
\prec \succ \sim \perp
\preceq \succeq \simeq \mid
\ll \gg \asymp \parallel
\subset \supset \approx \bowtie
\subseteq \supseteq \cong \Join$^b$
\sqsubset$^b$ \sqsupset$^b$ \neq \smile
\sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq \doteq \frown
\in \ni \propto =
\vdash \dashv < >
:
$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
Use one of the style options
{\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.
Punctuation Symbols
t4.gif
, ; \colon \ldotp \cdotp
Arrow Symbols
t5.gif
\leftarrow \longleftarrow \uparrow
\Leftarrow \Longleftarrow \Uparrow
\rightarrow \longrightarrow \downarrow
\Rightarrow \Longrightarrow \Downarrow
\leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \updownarrow
\Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \Updownarrow
\mapsto \longmapsto \nearrow
\hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \searrow
\leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \swarrow
\leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown \nwarrow
\rightleftharpoons \leadsto$^b$
$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
Use one of the style options
{\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.
Miscellaneous Symbols
t6.gif
\ldots \cdots \vdots \ddots
\aleph \prime \forall \infty
\hbar \emptyset \exists \Box$^b$
\imath \nabla \neg \Diamond$^b$
\jmath \surd \flat \triangle
\ell \top \natural \clubsuit
\wp \bot \sharp \diamondsuit
\Re \| \backslash \heartsuit
\Im \angle \partial \spadesuit
\mho$^b$ . |
$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
Use one of the style options
{\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.
Variable-sized Symbols
t7.gif
\sum \bigcap \bigodot \prod \bigcup \bigotimes \coprod \bigsqcup \bigoplus \int \bigvee \biguplus \oint \bigwedge
Log-like Symbols
t8.gif
\arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh
Delimiters
t9.gif
( ) \uparrow \Uparrow
[ ] \downarrow \Downarrow
\{ \} \updownarrow \Updownarrow
\lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil
\langle \rangle / \backslash
| \|
Large Delimiters
t10.gif
\rmoustache \lmoustache \rgroup \lgroup \arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert
Math mode accents
t11.gif
\hat{a} \acute{a} \bar{a} \dot{a} \breve{a}
\check{a} \grave{a} \vec{a} \ddot{a} \tilde{a}
Some other constructions
t12.gif
\widetilde{abc} \widehat{abc}
\overleftarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
\overline{abc} \underline{abc}
\overbrace{abc} \underbrace{abc}
\sqrt{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc}
$f'$ \frac{abc}{xyz}
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