【Spring】19 事务

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-05-19 10:58:26 发布 227 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

19、Spring 事务管理与 MVC 框架入门本文详细介绍了Spring框架中的事务管理和Spring MVC Web开发的基础知识。内容涵盖声明式事务的XML配置与注解驱动方式，以及Spring MVC的请求处理流程、基本配置和主页开发步骤。通过学习，开发者可以掌握构建企业级Java应用的关键技能，提高开发效率和应用质量。阅读详情

事务

JDBC连接

这个就不再赘述了，可以看一下【Spring】JDBC的支持

数据库表

CREATE TABLE `account` (
  `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `balance` int(10) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='账户表';

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CREATE TABLE `book` (
  `isbn` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `book_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `price` double(10,2) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`isbn`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

在这里插入图片描述

CREATE TABLE `book_stock` (
  `isbn` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `stock` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`isbn`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='书-库存表';

在这里插入图片描述

BookStockException.java(com.test.spring.tx.BookStockException)

package com.test.spring.tx;

public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public UserAccountException() {
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    public UserAccountException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
        super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
    }
}

UserAccountException.java(com.test.spring.tx.UserAccountException)

package com.test.spring.tx;

public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public UserAccountException() {
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    public UserAccountException(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

    public UserAccountException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
        super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
    }
}

BookShopService.java(com.test.spring.tx.BookShopService)

package com.test.spring.tx;

public interface BookShopService {

    public void purchase(String username, String isbn);

}

BookShopServiceImpl.java(com.test.spring.tx.BookShopServiceImpl)

package com.test.spring.tx;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("bookShopService")
public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService {

    @Autowired
    private BookShopDao bookShopDao;

    @Override
    public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {

        // 1. 获取书的单价
        int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn);

        // 2. 更新书的库存
        bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn);

        // 3. 更新用户余额
        bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price);
    }
}

BookShopDao.java(com.test.spring.tx.BookShopDao)

package com.test.spring.tx;

public interface BookShopDao {

    // 根据书号获取书的单价
    public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn);

    // 跟新书的库存，使书号对应的库存 -1
    public void updateBookStock(String isbn);

    // 更新用户的账户余额：使 username 的 balance - price
    public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price);
}

BookShopDaoImpl.java(com.test.spring.tx.BookShopDaoImpl)

package com.test.spring.tx;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("bookShopDao")
public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {
        String sql = "SELECT price FROM book WHERE isbn = ?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, isbn);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {
        // 检查书的库存是否足够，若不够，抛出异常
        String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?";
        int stock = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn);
        if (stock == 0) {
            throw new BookStockException("库存不足！");
        }

        String sql = "UPDATE book_stock SET stock = stock -1 WHERE isbn = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) {
        // 检查余额是否足够，若不够，抛出异常
        String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?";
        int balance = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, username);
        if (balance < price) {
            throw new UserAccountException("余额不足！");
        }

        String sql = "UPDATE account SET balance = balance - ? WHERE username = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username);
    }
}

StringTransactionTest.java(com.test.spring.tx.StringTransactionTest)

package com.test.spring.tx;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class StringTransactionTest {

    private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
    private BookShopDao bookShopDao = null;
    private BookShopService bookShopService = null;

    {
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        bookShopDao = ctx.getBean(BookShopDao.class);
        bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class);
    }

    @Test
    public void testBookShopService(){
        bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001");
    }

    // 用户AA的账户余额减去100
    @Test
    public void testBookShopDaoUpdateUserAccount(){
        bookShopDao.updateUserAccount("AA", 100);
    }

    // isbn为1001的库存减一
    @Test
    public void testBookShopDapUpdateBookStock() {
        bookShopDao.updateBookStock("1001");
    }

    // 获取isbn为1001的价格
    @Test
    public void test() {
        System.out.println(bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn("1001"));
    }
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.spring"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 导入资源文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>

    <!-- 配置 C3P0 数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>

        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 Spring 的 JDBCTemplate -->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate，该对象可以使用具名参数，其没有无参数的构造器，所有必须为其构造器指定参数 -->
    <bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">
        <constructor-arg ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>