ReadWriteLock 的简单使用

前文

一文搞懂 Java 线程

谈谈对ReentrantLock的理解

什么是 ReadWriteLock ？

ReadWriteLock 是 java.util.concurrent.locks 包下的一个接口，该接口允许一次读取多个线程，但一次只能写入一个线程

• 读锁：如果没有线程锁定 ReadWriteLock 进行写入，则多线程可以访问读锁
• 写锁：如果没有线程正在读或写，那么一个线程可以访问写锁

ReadWriteLock 定义

public interface ReadWriteLock

锁方法

以下是 Lock 类中可用的重要方法列表

方法	描述
public Lock readLock()	返回用于读的锁
public Lock writeLock()	返回用于写的锁

举例一（使用读写锁）

以下TestThread程序演示了ReadWriteLock接口的这些方法。这里我们使用readlock()获取读锁定和writeLock()来获取写锁定

package com.java.springtest.testdemo;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

/**
 * @author Woo_home
 * @create by 2020/2/2
 */
public class TestThread {

    // 开启公平锁
    private static final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);

    // 定义消息属性
    private static String message = "";

    // 定义读锁
    static class Reader implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (lock.isWriteLocked()) {
                System.out.println("Write Lock Present");
            }
            lock.readLock().lock();
            try {
                Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time Taken " + (duration / 1000) + " seconds");
                Thread.sleep(duration);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + message);
                lock.readLock().unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    // 定义写锁 WriterA
    static class WriterA implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            try {
                Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time Taken " + (duration / 1000) + " second");
                Thread.sleep(duration);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                message = message.concat("a");
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    // 定义写锁 WriterB
    static class WriterB implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            try {
                Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Time Taken " + (duration / 1000) + " second");
                Thread.sleep(duration);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                message = message.concat("b");
                lock.writeLock().unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 启动线程
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(new WriterA());
        thread1.setName("Writer A");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new WriterB());
        thread2.setName("Writer B");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Reader());
        thread3.setName("Reader");
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
        
        // 线程强制执行
        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        thread3.join();
    }
}

输出：

举例二（使用读写锁）

定义一个资源类（未加读写锁前）

class MyCache {

    private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    public void put(String key,Object value) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入数据" + key);
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        map.put(key,value);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入完成");
    }

    public void get(String key) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读取数据");
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Object result = map.get(key);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读取完成" + result);
    }
}

测试类：

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCache myCache = new MyCache();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.put(tempInt+"",tempInt+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.get(tempInt+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

输出：

可以发现，当一个线程写入的时候，另外的线程也在写入，导致其它线程会读取不到数据，正确的例子应该是写入之后会有个写入完成再读取数据的

---

资源类（加读写锁后）

class MyCache {

    private volatile Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    private ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void put(String key,Object value) {
        readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入数据" + key);
            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            map.put(key,value);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写入完成");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public void get(String key) {
        readWriteLock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读取数据");
            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Object result = map.get(key);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读取完成" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readWriteLock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }
}

测试类

package juc;

public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyCache myCache = new MyCache();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.put(tempInt+"",tempInt+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            final int tempInt = i;
            new Thread(() -> {
                myCache.get(tempInt+"");
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

输出：