linux添加路由

linux添加路由

http://baikgd.blog.163.com/blog/static/35402495200972111353827/

 

服务器ip(eth0)
[root@localhost net]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:9A:15
inet addr:172.18.3.205 Bcast:172.18.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee3:9a15/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4776 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3348 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:439384 (429.0 KiB) TX bytes:390425 (381.2 KiB)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0x1400
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:254 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:254 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:22128 (21.6 KiB) TX bytes:22128 (21.6 KiB)


查看原始路由信息
[root@localhost net]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.18.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
==========================================================



添加默认网关
[root@localhost net]# route add default gw 172.18.3.50
[root@localhost net]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.18.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
=======================================================


添加一个ip(eth0:1)
[root@localhost net]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.168.119 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
[root@localhost net]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:9A:15
inet addr:172.18.3.205 Bcast:172.18.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee3:9a15/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:5071 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:466532 (455.5 KiB) TX bytes:416538 (406.7 KiB)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0x1400
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:9A:15
inet addr:192.168.168.119 Bcast:192.168.168.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:11 Base address:0x1400
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:258 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:258 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:22480 (21.9 KiB) TX bytes:22480 (21.9 KiB)

在查看路由信息
[root@localhost net]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.18.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
===============================================================


添加一条到主机192.168.168.110的路由(通过eth0:1)
[root@localhost net]# route add -host 192.168.168.110 dev eth0:1
[root@localhost net]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.110 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
172.18.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
===============================================================


添加一条到主机192.168.168.120的路由(通过ip192.168.168.119)
[root@localhost net]# route add -host 192.168.168.120 gw 192.168.168.119
[root@localhost net]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.120 192.168.168.119 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.110 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
172.18.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
===========================================================
添加到网络的路由(通过eth0)
[root@localhost net]# route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
[root@localhost net]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.120 192.168.168.119 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.110 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.18.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

添加到网络的路由(通过ip172.18.3.50)
[root@localhost net]# route add -net 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.18.3.50
[root@localhost net]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.168.120 192.168.168.119 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.110 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.4.0 172.18.3.50 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.18.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.168.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 172.18.3.50 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
=======================================================================
参数区别-host跟主机ip,-net跟网络号
=======================================================================

输出结果中各个字段的含义是:

Destination表示路由的目标IP地址
Gateway表示网关使用的主机名或者是IP地址。上面输出的"*"表示没有网关
Genmask表示路由的网络掩码
Flags是表示路由的标志。可用的标志及其意义是:U表示路由在启动，H表示target是一台主机，G表示使用网关，R表示对动态路由进行复位设置;D表示动态安装路由，M表示修改路由，!表示拒绝路由。
Metric表示路由的单位开销量
Ref表示依赖本路由现状的其它路由数目
Use表示路由表条目被使用的数目
Iface表示路由所发送的包的目的网络