学习笔记之挂载和解挂载

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最新推荐文章于 2024-12-17 10:32:13 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Small_Day/article/details/82803352

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本文详细介绍了如何在虚拟机中添加硬盘，并进行分区操作。通过添加主分区和扩展分区，然后格式化为xfs文件系统和交换分区。讲解了如何挂载新磁盘并配置开机自挂载，以及如何正确解挂载设备。同时，还涵盖了设置交换分区的步骤，确保其在系统重启后依然生效。

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先在虚拟机里加一块硬盘

添加分区

使用fdisk /dev/sdd管理新添加的硬盘
使用p命令可以查看当前的分区情况

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x238f933d.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x238f933d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

用n创建新分区，其中p为主分区，e为扩展分区，主分区和扩展分区总算最多为4个

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1				#为分区编号
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 				#最靠前的空闲扇区的位置
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G 
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x238f933d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w				#使用w将修改写入磁盘并退出，若不想保存用p
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

使用mkfs.xfs /dev/sdd1命令格式化sdd1分区为xfs文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdd1
meta-data=/dev/sdd1              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

使用mount /dev/sdd1 /opt/sdd1挂载新磁盘，并使用df -h查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/sdd1					#如果没有对应的挂载点需先创建
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdd1 /opt/sdd1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G   12G  6.0G  66% /
devtmpfs               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  1.9G   80K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  1.9G  8.9M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb2              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb2
/dev/sdb1              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb1
/dev/sdb3              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb3
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
/dev/sdd1              2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /opt/sdd1
[root@localhost ~]#

编辑fstab文件实现开机自挂载硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Sep 17 08:27:01 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
UUID=0d1079c2-f7bf-4393-a174-326867ddf2c3 /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1       /opt/sdb1       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdb2       /opt/sdb2       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdb3       /opt/sdb3       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdc1       swap    swap    defaults        0       0
/dev/sdd1       /opt/sdd1       xfs     defaults        0       0

使用umount /dev/sdd1命令解挂载设备

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdd1
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G   12G  6.0G  66% /
devtmpfs               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  1.9G   80K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  1.9G  8.9M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb2              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb2
/dev/sdb1              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb1
/dev/sdb3              2.0G   66M  2.0G   4% /opt/sdb3
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
[root@localhost ~]#

添加交换分区

同样使用fdisk /dev/sdd命令管理硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (4196352-41943039, default 4196352): 
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#

使用mkswap /dev/sdd2命令格式化sdd2分区为交换分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdd2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5242876 KiB
no label, UUID=da5d29d9-360b-4534-97fb-fd0a4f07a681
[root@localhost ~]#

使用swapon命令把SWAP分区设备挂载到系统中

[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdd2

编辑fstab文件使交换分区重启后生效

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Sep 17 08:27:01 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
UUID=0d1079c2-f7bf-4393-a174-326867ddf2c3 /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1       /opt/sdb1       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdb2       /opt/sdb2       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdb3       /opt/sdb3       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdc1       swap    swap    defaults        0       0
/dev/sdd1       /opt/sdd1       xfs     defaults        0       0
/dev/sdd2       swap    swap    defaults        0       0