Java自学笔记---Java基础11_文末附完整笔记文档

今天完结java基础学习,后续将对Git、JavaWeb、SSM框架进行学习。

学习教程:

Java -Java 学习- Java 基础到高级-宋红康-零基础自学Java-尚硅谷:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av48370019/?p=445

学习java语言的高级部分,主要学习内容有:

课程配套资料(视频链接下UP主置顶评论):

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1si0uLgy4HpyCM7SbCt82GA 
提取码:hiw3

以下为个人笔记
————————————————

代码:

代码示例1:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上

//客户端
    @Test
    public void client()  {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
            InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100");
            socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
            //2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3.写出数据的操作
            os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //4.资源的关闭
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }



    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server()  {

        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
            ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
            //2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //3.获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();

            //不建议这样写,可能会乱码
//        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//        int len;
//        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
//            String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
//            System.out.print(str);
//        }
            //4.读取输入流中的数据
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }

            System.out.println(baos.toString());

            System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(baos != null){
                //5.关闭资源
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(ss != null){
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }

    }

代码示例2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
 */
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
    //1.
    Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
    //2.
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    //3.
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
    //4.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
        os.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    //5.
    fis.close();
    os.close();
    socket.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
 */
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
    //1.
    ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
    //2.
    Socket socket = ss.accept();
    //3.
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    //4.
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
    //5.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
        fos.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    //6.
    fos.close();
    is.close();
    socket.close();
    ss.close();

}

代码示例3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。

/*
    这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
     */
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
    //1.
    Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
    //2.
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    //3.
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
    //4.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
        os.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    //关闭数据的输出
    socket.shutdownOutput();

    //5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
    int len1;
    while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
        baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
    }

    System.out.println(baos.toString());

    //6.
    fis.close();
    os.close();
    socket.close();
    baos.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
 */
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
    //1.
    ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
    //2.
    Socket socket = ss.accept();
    //3.
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    //4.
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
    //5.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
        fos.write(buffer,0,len);
    }

    System.out.println("图片传输完成");

    //6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());

    //7.
    fos.close();
    is.close();
    socket.close();
    ss.close();
    os.close();

}

代码示例:UDP的使用

//发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {

    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();



    String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
    byte[] data = str.getBytes();
    InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);

    socket.send(packet);

    socket.close();

}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {

    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);

    socket.receive(packet);

    System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

    socket.close();
}

代码:可以读取、下载对应的url资源:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    InputStream is = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");

        urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        urlConnection.connect();

        is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        fos = new FileOutputStream("day10\\beauty3.jpg");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        System.out.println("下载完成");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        //关闭资源
        if(is != null){
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(fos != null){
            try {
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(urlConnection != null){
            urlConnection.disconnect();
        }
    }
}

代码:体会反射的动态性

@Test
public void test2(){

    for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++){
        int num = new Random().nextInt(3);//0,1,2
        String classPath = "";
        switch(num){
            case 0:
                classPath = "java.util.Date";
                break;
            case 1:
                classPath = "java.lang.Object";
                break;
            case 2:
                classPath = "com.atguigu.java.Person";
                break;
        }

        try {
            Object obj = getInstance(classPath);
            System.out.println(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

/*
创建一个指定类的对象。
classPath:指定类的全类名
 */
public Object getInstance(String classPath) throws Exception {
   Class clazz =  Class.forName(classPath);
   return clazz.newInstance();
}

代码:获取Class实例的几种方式:

//方式一:调用运行时类的属性:.class
        Class clazz1 = Person.class;
        System.out.println(clazz1);
        //方式二:通过运行时类的对象,调用getClass()
        Person p1 = new Person();
        Class clazz2 = p1.getClass();
        System.out.println(clazz2);

        //方式三:调用Class的静态方法:forName(String classPath)
        Class clazz3 = Class.forName("com.atguigu.java.Person");
//        clazz3 = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
        System.out.println(clazz3);

        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz2);
        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz3);

        //方式四:使用类的加载器:ClassLoader  (了解)
        ClassLoader classLoader = ReflectionTest.class.getClassLoader();
        Class clazz4 = classLoader.loadClass("com.atguigu.java.Person");
        System.out.println(clazz4);

        System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz4);

代码:使用Classloader加载src目录下的配置文件

@Test
    public void test2() throws Exception {

        Properties pros =  new Properties();
        //此时的文件默认在当前的module下。
        //读取配置文件的方式一:
//        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("jdbc.properties");
//        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src\\jdbc1.properties");
//        pros.load(fis);

        //读取配置文件的方式二:使用ClassLoader
        //配置文件默认识别为:当前module的src下
        ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoaderTest.class.getClassLoader();
        InputStream is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("jdbc1.properties");
        pros.load(is);

        String user = pros.getProperty("user");
        String password = pros.getProperty("password");
        System.out.println("user = " + user + ",password = " + password);
    }

代码:获取运行时类的完整结构

@Test
public void test1(){

    Class clazz = Person.class;

    //获取属性结构
    //getFields():获取当前运行时类及其父类中声明为public访问权限的属性
    Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
    for(Field f : fields){
        System.out.println(f);
    }
    System.out.println();

    //getDeclaredFields():获取当前运行时类中声明的所属性。(不包含父类中声明的属性
    Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
    for(Field f : declaredFields){
        System.out.println(f);
    }
}

@Test
public void test1(){

    Class clazz = Person.class;

    //getMethods():获取当前运行时类及其所父类中声明为public权限的方法
    Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
    for(Method m : methods){
        System.out.println(m);
    }
    System.out.println();
    //getDeclaredMethods():获取当前运行时类中声明的所方法。(不包含父类中声明的方法
    Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
    for(Method m : declaredMethods){
        System.out.println(m);
    }
}

/*
    获取构造器结构

     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){

        Class clazz = Person.class;
        //getConstructors():获取当前运行时类中声明为public的构造器
        Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
        for(Constructor c : constructors){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println();
        //getDeclaredConstructors():获取当前运行时类中声明的所的构造器
        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for(Constructor c : declaredConstructors){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

    }

    /*
    获取运行时类的父类

     */
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Class superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(superclass);
    }

    /*
    获取运行时类的带泛型的父类

     */
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Type genericSuperclass = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
        System.out.println(genericSuperclass);
    }

    /*
    获取运行时类的带泛型的父类的泛型

    代码:逻辑性代码  vs 功能性代码
     */
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Type genericSuperclass = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
        ParameterizedType paramType = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;
        //获取泛型类型
        Type[] actualTypeArguments = paramType.getActualTypeArguments();
//        System.out.println(actualTypeArguments[0].getTypeName());
        System.out.println(((Class)actualTypeArguments[0]).getName());
    }

    /*
    获取运行时类实现的接口
     */
    @Test
    public void test5(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Class[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
        for(Class c : interfaces){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println();
        //获取运行时类的父类实现的接口
        Class[] interfaces1 = clazz.getSuperclass().getInterfaces();
        for(Class c : interfaces1){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

    }
    /*
        获取运行时类所在的包

     */
    @Test
    public void test6(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Package pack = clazz.getPackage();
        System.out.println(pack);
    }

    /*
        获取运行时类声明的注解

     */
    @Test
    public void test7(){
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        Annotation[] annotations = clazz.getAnnotations();
        for(Annotation annos : annotations){
            System.out.println(annos);
        }
    }

代码反射应用三:调用运行时类的指定结构

@Test
public void testField1() throws Exception {
    Class clazz = Person.class;

    //创建运行时类的对象
    Person p = (Person) clazz.newInstance();

    //1. getDeclaredField(String fieldName):获取运行时类中指定变量名的属性
    Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");

    //2.保证当前属性是可访问的
    name.setAccessible(true);
    //3.获取、设置指定对象的此属性值
     
}
调用指定的方法:
 @Test
    public void testMethod() throws Exception {

        Class clazz = Person.class;

        //创建运行时类的对象
        Person p = (Person) clazz.newInstance();

        /*
        1.获取指定的某个方法
        getDeclaredMethod():参数1 :指明获取的方法的名称  参数2:指明获取的方法的形参列表
         */
        Method show = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show", String.class);
        //2.保证当前方法是可访问的
        show.setAccessible(true);

        /*
        3. 调用方法的invoke():参数1:方法的调用者  参数2:给方法形参赋值的实参
        invoke()的返回值即为对应类中调用的方法的返回值。
         */
        Object returnValue = show.invoke(p,"CHN"); //String nation = p.show("CHN");
        System.out.println(returnValue);

        System.out.println("*************如何调用静态方法*****************");

        // private static void showDesc()

        Method showDesc = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showDesc");
        showDesc.setAccessible(true);
        //如果调用的运行时类中的方法没返回值,则此invoke()返回null
//        Object returnVal = showDesc.invoke(null);
        Object returnVal = showDesc.invoke(Person.class);
        System.out.println(returnVal);//null

    }

调用指定的构造器:
@Test
public void testConstructor() throws Exception {
    Class clazz = Person.class;

    //private Person(String name)
    /*
    1.获取指定的构造器
    getDeclaredConstructor():参数:指明构造器的参数列表
     */

    Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);

    //2.保证此构造器是可访问的
    constructor.setAccessible(true);

    //3.调用此构造器创建运行时类的对象
    Person per = (Person) constructor.newInstance("Tom");
    System.out.println(per);

}

代码:动态代理的举例

interface Human{

    String getBelief();

    void eat(String food);

}
//被代理类
class SuperMan implements Human{


    @Override
    public String getBelief() {
        return "I believe I can fly!";
    }

    @Override
    public void eat(String food) {
        System.out.println("我喜欢吃" + food);
    }
}

class HumanUtil{

    public void method1(){
        System.out.println("====================通用方法一====================");

    }

    public void method2(){
        System.out.println("====================通用方法二====================");
    }

}


class ProxyFactory{
    //调用此方法,返回一个代理类的对象。解决问题一
    public static Object getProxyInstance(Object obj){//obj:被代理类的对象
        MyInvocationHandler handler = new MyInvocationHandler();

        handler.bind(obj);

        return Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(),obj.getClass().getInterfaces(),handler);
    }

}

class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler{

    private Object obj;//需要使用被代理类的对象进行赋值

    public void bind(Object obj){
        this.obj = obj;
    }

    //当我们通过代理类的对象,调用方法a时,就会自动的调用如下的方法:invoke()
    //将被代理类要执行的方法a的功能就声明在invoke()中
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {

        HumanUtil util = new HumanUtil();
        util.method1();

        //method:即为代理类对象调用的方法,此方法也就作为了被代理类对象要调用的方法
        //obj:被代理类的对象
        Object returnValue = method.invoke(obj,args);

        util.method2();

        //上述方法的返回值就作为当前类中的invoke()的返回值。
        return returnValue;

    }
}

public class ProxyTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SuperMan superMan = new SuperMan();
        //proxyInstance:代理类的对象
        Human proxyInstance = (Human) ProxyFactory.getProxyInstance(superMan);
        //当通过代理类对象调用方法时,会自动的调用被代理类中同名的方法
        String belief = proxyInstance.getBelief();
        System.out.println(belief);
        proxyInstance.eat("四川麻辣烫");

        System.out.println("*****************************");

        NikeClothFactory nikeClothFactory = new NikeClothFactory();

        ClothFactory proxyClothFactory = (ClothFactory) ProxyFactory.getProxyInstance(nikeClothFactory);

        proxyClothFactory.produceCloth();

    }
}

最后附上我的学习笔记(.doc)文档:

链接:https://share.weiyun.com/503p688  (腾讯微云)

PS:用WPS打开 可有自动目录生成功能,方便阅读

图示:

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