22. Generate Parentheses

题目:

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:

[ “((()))”, “(()())”, “(())()”, “()(())”, “()()()” ]

思路:

深搜题,重点是剪枝:字符串从头到任意位置处的)不得多于(数量,dfs的参数(string s, int l, int r,int &n)分别为当前字符串s,使用了l个‘(’,使用了r个’)’,一共有n对括号。
①‘(’和‘)’各使用了n个,完成符合条件的字符串,加入res.
②’(‘使用了n个而’)'不足n个,在字符串后增加)且r+1.
③l=r<n,此时只能增加(。
④l<r<n,此时可以增加(也可以增加);

代码

vector<string> res;

void dfs(string s, int l, int r,int &n) {
	if (l == n&&r == n) {
		res.push_back(s);
		return;
	}	
	if (l == n) {
		dfs(s + ')', l, r + 1, n);
		return;
	}
	if (l < n) {
		dfs(s + '(', l + 1, r, n);
		if (l > r)
			dfs(s + ')', l, r + 1, n);
	}
}

vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
	res.clear();
	dfs(string(), 0, 0, n);
	return res;
}
#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** @brief Backtracking algorithms @namespace backtracking / namespace backtracking { /* @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vectorstd::string res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vectorstd::string generate(int n); }; /** @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. @param str string build during backtracking @param n number of pairs of parentheses @param closed number of closed parentheses @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** @brief wrapper interface @param n number of pairs of parentheses @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vectorstd::string generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = “(”; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** @brief Self-test implementations @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vectorstd::string patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{“()”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{“()()()”}, {“()(())”}, {“(())()”}, {“(()())”}, {“((()))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{“()()()()”}, {“()()(())”}, {“()(())()”}, {“()(()())”}, {“()((()))”}, {“(())()()”}, {“(())(())”}, {“(()())()”}, {“(()()())”}, {“(()(()))”}, {“((()))()”}, {“((())())”}, {“((()()))”}, {“(((())))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << “All tests passed\n”; } /** @brief Main function @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 在这段代码的基础上为C++初学者出几个练习题?
最新发布
03-08
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