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在Python中,我们可以使用多种方法来实现文件下载功能。本文将介绍10种不同的Python文件下载方式,并提供详细的代码示例。
1. 使用urllib.request模块
import urllib.request
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
print(f"文件已下载到: {filename}")
2. 使用requests库(简单方式)
import requests
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
response = requests.get(url)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
print("下载完成!")
3. 使用requests库(带进度条)
import requests
from tqdm import tqdm
url = 'https://example.com/largefile.zip'
filename = 'largefile.zip'
response = requests.get(url, stream=True)
total_size = int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))
block_size = 1024 # 1KB
progress_bar = tqdm(total=total_size, unit='iB', unit_scale=True)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
for data in response.iter_content(block_size):
progress_bar.update(len(data))
f.write(data)
progress_bar.close()
print("\n下载完成!")
4. 使用wget库
import wget
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = wget.download(url)
print(f"\n文件已下载到: {filename}")
5. 使用http.client(标准库)
import http.client
import urllib.parse
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
filename = 'file.zip'
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(parsed_url.netloc)
conn.request("GET", parsed_url.path)
response = conn.getresponse()
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.read())
conn.close()
print("下载完成!")
6. 使用aiohttp(异步下载)
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def download_file(url, filename):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
while True:
chunk = await response.content.read(1024)
if not chunk:
break
f.write(chunk)
print(f"文件已下载到: {filename}")
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
asyncio.run(download_file(url, filename))
7. 使用pycurl(高性能下载)
import pycurl
from io import BytesIO
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
buffer = BytesIO()
c = pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(c.URL, url)
c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer)
c.perform()
c.close()
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(buffer.getvalue())
print("下载完成!")
8. 使用urllib3库
import urllib3
url = 'https://example.com/file.zip'
filename = 'file.zip'
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
response = http.request('GET', url)
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.data)
print("下载完成!")
9. 使用ftplib下载FTP文件
from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.example.com')
ftp.login(user='username', passwd='password')
filename = 'remote_file.zip'
local_filename = 'local_file.zip'
with open(local_filename, 'wb') as f:
ftp.retrbinary(f'RETR {filename}', f.write)
ftp.quit()
print("FTP文件下载完成!")
10. 使用scp下载(通过paramiko)
import paramiko
host = 'example.com'
port = 22
username = 'user'
password = 'password'
remote_path = '/path/to/remote/file.zip'
local_path = 'file.zip'
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(host, port, username, password)
sftp = ssh.open_sftp()
sftp.get(remote_path, local_path)
sftp.close()
ssh.close()
print("SCP文件下载完成!")
总结
本文介绍了10种Python下载文件的方法,包括:
1.urllib.request标准库方法
2.requests库简单方法
3.requests库带进度条方法
4.wget库专用方法
5.http.client标准库方法
6.aiohttp异步方法
7.pycurl高性能方法
8.urllib3库方法
9.ftplib FTP下载
10.paramiko SCP下载
根据不同的需求和场景,可以选择最适合的方法。对于简单的下载任务,requests库是最方便的选择;对于大文件下载,带进度条的requests或异步aiohttp更合适;而对于特殊协议如FTP/SCP,则需要使用专门的库。
最后:
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