目录
whatever, whoever和whichever也可引导主语从句
回顾可作主语的成分
名词： Beijing is a beautiful city．北京是一座美丽的城市。
代词：Who is speaking, please？请问你是哪位？ Both were offered jobs immediately．
数词：Two will be enough．两个就够了。
动名词：Singing is one of my interests． There's no denying the fact．这个事实不容否认。
不定式：To act like that is childish．这样做是幼稚的。
词组：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．尽用功不爱玩，孩子会变得很呆板（谚语）
从句：What I say goes！我说了算！ Whether it is a good plan remains to be seen．这个计划是不是好还需要看一看。
名词化的其他词类：“A” is an article. A是冠词。 The unemployed lead a hard life．失业的人过着艰难的生活。
在口语中，有人还会用副词、介词短语等作主语：Slowly is exactly how he speaks．他说话就是慢吞吞的。Out on the lake will be all right．到湖上玩玩倒不错。
动名词作主语：Dancing is fun. I love it．跳舞很有意思，我很喜欢。
有时动名词前可以有一代词或名词所有格，表示它逻辑上的主语：Your denying everything will get you nowhere．你否认一切，这对你没有好处。Jenny's not having been trained as a dancer was her one regret．杰妮没受过舞蹈训练是她的一大遗憾。
有时动名词前还可以加冠词：The lighting of fires here is forbidden．在这里生火是禁止的。
A ringing of bells marks the end of the old year．一阵钟声标志着一年的结束。
有时可用先行词it作形式主语，而把作主语的动名词放到句子后面去：
It's no use talking about it now．现在谈这事没有用。
It's no good waiting here．在这里等没有用。
It doesn't matter throwing it away．把它扔掉没关系。
It felt funny being called Grandmother．被人叫作祖母感到怪怪的。
It's a waste of time your talking to him．你和他谈是浪费时间。
It's doesn't make much difference my being there．我在不在那儿没有什么影响。
主语从句
由that引导的主语从句
用的少，因为这种的主语往往会比较长，显得“头重脚轻”。不过有时为了强调或谓语较长时也有这样安排的：
That he should have ignored the working class was natural．他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence．她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village．她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。
为了避免“头重脚轻”，一般都会借助先行词it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语从句放到句子后面去。句型有四种：
① be+形容词+从句：
It's strange that it hasn't been noticed before．很奇怪，以前没人注意到这点。
It was plain to everyone that she was offended．大家都能看出她是生气了。
From the photographs it seems clear (that) she was no beauty．从这些相片上看，显然她不是一个美人。
② be+名词+从句：
It's a shame (that) he didn't come． It was a fearful disappointment to us that you didn't come to the party．
It's a pity (that) he didn't finish college．真遗憾他大学没毕业。 It's a wonder that he is still alive．他还活着，真是奇迹。
③ 动词（+宾语或状语）+从句：
It happened that the harvest was bad that year．恰好那年收成不好。 （不及物动词）
It struck me that nobody was in favour of the change．我突然感到没有人赞成这种改变。（及物动词+宾语）
It suddenly occurred to him that this was an act he could never do．他突然想到这是他绝不能做的一件事。
It grieved her that George could not sleep there．她很伤心，乔治不能在那里睡。（及物动词+宾语）
④ 动词的被动语态+从句：
It was agreed that the transaction should be kept secret.双方同意这项交易应当保密。
It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan.据说日本发生了一次地震。
It was reported that they had brought down two enemy planes．据报道他们击落了两架敌机。
由连接代词、连接副词或由连词whether引导的主语从句
1. 由连接代词who引导主语从句：
Who is to head the delegation hasn't been made public．= It hasn't been made public who's to head the delegation.
2. 由连接副词how、when、where引导主语从句：（这类句子常可改用先行词it作主语，而把主语从句放到后面去）
How many people we are to invite is still a question．邀请多少人还是一个问题。= It is still a question how many people we are to invite.
When we arrive doesn't matter．什么时候到没有关系。= It doesn't matter when we arrive.
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours．我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。= It's no business of yours where I spend my summer.
3. whether引起的主语从句：
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen．这对我们有害还是有利还得看一看。
= It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good．它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。
虽然两种结构都是可用的，但带it的结构似乎还是用得多一些。
在用it作形式主语时，也有四种结构：
① be+形容词+从句：
It was clear enough what she meant．很清楚她是什么意思。
t is amazing how one can conceive such an idea．能想出这样的主意是令人惊异的。
It's clear why the unions distrust the law．为什么工会不信任这条法律是很清楚的。
It was uncertain whether he could come (or not)．他是否会来还不确定。
② be+名词+从句：
It's a mystery to me how it all happened．这一切是怎么发生的是一个谜。
It's a puzzle how life began．生命是如何开始的是一个谜。
It is a marvel how he works so hard．他怎么这样勤奋是一个奇迹。
③ 动词（+宾语或状语）+从句：
It struck her how gentle he was being．她深深感到他多么温存。
It struck Kipps what a good chap he was．吉普斯感到他是一个多么好的人。
It did not matter much where he lived．他在哪里住都没有关系。
It makes little difference whether we go or stay．我们去还是留没有多大差别。
④ 动词的被动语态+从句：
Is it known where they went？有人知道他们到哪里去了吗？
It hasn't been made clear when the conference is to take place．会议什么时候召开还不清楚。
It hasn't been decided who will be sent to work there．还没决定将派谁到那里工作。
It is being considered whether she should be promoted．正在考虑她是否应当提升。
由关系代词型what引导的主语从句
What you need is a good-sized canvas bag．你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。
What she saw gave her a little fright．她看到的情况使她有点害怕。
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal．我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。
What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot．给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
What you have to do is to choose a company to invest in．你需要做的是选一家公司投资。
whatever, whoever和whichever也可引导主语从句
1）Whatever she did was right．她做的一切都是对的。
Whatever I have is at your service．我所有的一切都供你使用。
Whatever she says goes．一切她说了算。
2）Whoever comes will be welcome．谁来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it．谁想要这本书就可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work．谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
3）Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize．不管（你们）谁第一个到都可得到一份奖品。
Whichever you want is yours．你要哪一个，哪一个就是你的。
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