Nginx |如何在服务器上部署虚拟主机

一、什么是虚拟主机：

1、虚拟主机是一种特殊的软硬件技术，它可以将网络上的每一台计算机分成多个虚拟主机，每个虚拟主机可以独立对外提供www服务，这样就可以实现一台主机对外提供多个web服务，每个虚拟主机之间是独立的，互不影响。
2、nginx可以实现虚拟主机的配置，nginx支持三种类型的虚拟主机配置。
（1）、基于域名的虚拟主机 （server_name来区分虚拟主机——应用：外部网站）
（2）、基于ip的虚拟主机， （一块主机绑定多个ip地址）
（3）、基于端口的虚拟主机 （端口来区分虚拟主机——应用：公司内部网站，外部网站的管理后台）
一、基于域名的虚拟主机：
1、基于域名的虚拟主机，需要在本地机器上对域名进行解析。windows解析文件在window+R ，输入drivers，/etc/hosts。如果本机没有hosts可自行创建。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k; #限速
        	}
        }
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.dapeng.com;
        location / {
            root   /dapeng/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}
[root@localhost nginx]# cat /var/www/nginx/index.html 
hello dapeng
[root@localhost nginx]# cat /dapeng/html/index.html 
this is me

二、基于ip的虚拟主机：

[root@localhost ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:92:9d:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.132/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 3159sec preferred_lft 3159sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe92:9da0/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.43.101/24
[root@localhost ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:92:9d:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.132/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 3120sec preferred_lft 3120sec
    inet 192.168.43.101/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global secondary ens33:1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe92:9da0/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.43.132;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
     server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.43.101;
        location / {
            root   /dapeng/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}
3、重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
4、补充
-- 删除绑定的临时ip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.43.101/24 down
重启一下nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx

三、基于端口的虚拟主机：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;

worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
        
    
     server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /dapeng/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}
重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload