LinkedBlockingQueue学习笔记

今天剖析学习了LinkedBlockingQueue,总结下笔记
我们从类注释上大概可以得到如下信息：
1.基于链表的阻塞队列，其底层的数据结构是链表；
2.链表维护先入先出队列，新元素被放在队尾，获取元素从队头部拿；
3.链表大小在初始化的时候可以设置，默认是 Integer 的最大值；
4.可以使用 Collection 和 Iterator 两个接口的所有操作，因为实现了两者的接口。

LinkedBlockingQueue 内部构成简单来说，分成三个部分：链表存储 + 锁 + 迭代器，我们来看下源码。

static class Node<E> {
        E item;

        /**
         * One of:
         * - the real successor Node
         * - this Node, meaning the successor is head.next
         * - null, meaning there is no successor (this is the last node)
         */
        Node<E> next;

        Node(E x) { item = x; }
    }

    /** The capacity bound, or Integer.MAX_VALUE if none */
    private final int capacity;

    /** Current number of elements */
    private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();

    /**
     * Head of linked list.
     * Invariant: head.item == null
     */
    transient Node<E> head;

    /**
     * Tail of linked list.
     * Invariant: last.next == null
     */
    private transient Node<E> last;

    /** Lock held by take, poll, etc */
    private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock();

    /** Wait queue for waiting takes */
    private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition();

    /** Lock held by put, offer, etc */
    private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock();

    /** Wait queue for waiting puts */
    private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition();
   
  

锁有 take 锁和 put 锁，是为了保证队列操作时的线程安全，设计两种锁，是为了 take 和 put 两种操作可以同时进行，互不影响。

初始化
1.指定链表容量大小；
2.不指定链表容量大小，默认是 Integer 的最大值；
3.对已有集合数据进行初始化。

public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with the given (fixed) capacity.
     *
     * @param capacity the capacity of this queue
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is not greater
     *         than zero
     */
    public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
        if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.capacity = capacity;
        last = head = new Node<E>(null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}, initially containing the elements of the
     * given collection,
     * added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection of elements to initially contain
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
     *         of its elements are null
     */
    public LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        putLock.lock(); // Never contended, but necessary for visibility
        try {
            int n = 0;
            for (E e : c) {
                if (e == null)
                    throw new NullPointerException();
                if (n == capacity)
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Queue full");
                enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
                ++n;
            }
            count.set(n);
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
    }

初始化时，容量大小是不会影响性能的，只影响在后面的使用，因为初始化队列太小，容易导致没有放多少就会报队列已满的错误

阻塞新增
我们拿 put 方法为例，put 方法在碰到队列满的时候，会一直阻塞下去，直到队列不满时，并且自己被唤醒时，才会继续去执行，源码如下：

 public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        // Note: convention in all put/take/etc is to preset local var
        // holding count negative to indicate failure unless set.
        int c = -1;
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            /*
             * Note that count is used in wait guard even though it is
             * not protected by lock. This works because count can
             * only decrease at this point (all other puts are shut
             * out by lock), and we (or some other waiting put) are
             * signalled if it ever changes from capacity. Similarly
             * for all other uses of count in other wait guards.
             */
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                notFull.await();
            }
            enqueue(node);
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
    }

1.往队列新增数据，第一步是上锁，所以新增数据是线程安全的；
队列新增数据，简单的追加到链表的尾部即可；
2.新增时，如果队列满了，当前线程是会被阻塞的，阻塞的底层使用是锁的能力，底层实现其它也和队列相关，原理我们在锁章节会说到；
3.新增数据成功后，在适当时机，会唤起 put 的等待线程（队列不满时），或者 take 的等待线程（队列不为空时），这样保证队列一旦4.满足 put 或者 take 条件时，立马就能唤起阻塞线程，继续运行，保证了唤起的时机不被浪费。

offer方法

  public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {

        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        int c = -1;
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return false;
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
        return true;
    }

offer 方法阻塞超过一端时间后，仍未成功，就会直接返回默认值的实现，和 put 方法相比只修改了几行代码