C++ 标准库中的 <forward_list>
是一种容器,它提供了一种单向链表的数据结构。
与双向链表(std::list
)不同,std::forward_list
只支持单向遍历。它适用于需要频繁进行前向遍历和插入、删除操作的场景。
// <forward_list> -*- C++ -*-
// Copyright (C) 2008-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/** @file include/forward_list
* This is a Standard C++ Library header.
*/
#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FORWARD_LIST
#define _GLIBCXX_FORWARD_LIST 1
#pragma GCC system_header
#if __cplusplus < 201103L
# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
#else
#include <bits/forward_list.h>
#include <bits/range_access.h>
#include <bits/forward_list.tcc>
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
# include <debug/forward_list>
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
namespace pmr
{
template<typename _Tp> class polymorphic_allocator;
template<typename _Tp>
using forward_list = std::forward_list<_Tp, polymorphic_allocator<_Tp>>;
} // namespace pmr
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std
#endif // C++17
#if __cplusplus > 201703L
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
#define __cpp_lib_erase_if 202002L
template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc, typename _Predicate>
inline typename forward_list<_Tp, _Alloc>::size_type
erase_if(forward_list<_Tp, _Alloc>& __cont, _Predicate __pred)
{ return __cont.remove_if(__pred); }
template<typename _Tp, typename _Alloc, typename _Up>
inline typename forward_list<_Tp, _Alloc>::size_type
erase(forward_list<_Tp, _Alloc>& __cont, const _Up& __value)
{
using __elem_type = typename forward_list<_Tp, _Alloc>::value_type;
return std::erase_if(__cont, [&](__elem_type& __elem) {
return __elem == __value;
});
}
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std
#endif // C++20
#endif // C++11
#endif // _GLIBCXX_FORWARD_LIST
语法
std::forward_list
是 C++ 标准库中的一个模板类,定义在 <forward_list>
头文件中。它使用模板参数 T
来指定存储在列表中的元素类型。
以下是 std::forward_list
的基本语法:
#include <forward_list> std::forward_list<T> list;
构造函数
std::forward_list
提供了多种构造函数,包括:
- 默认构造函数:创建一个空的
forward_list
。 - 带初始值的构造函数:创建一个包含给定初始值的
forward_list
。 - 带范围的构造函数:创建一个包含指定范围内元素的
forward_list
。
常用成员函数
void push_front(const T& value)
:在列表的前端插入一个元素。void pop_front()
:移除列表前端的元素。iterator before_begin()
:返回指向列表前端之前的迭代器。iterator begin()
:返回指向列表前端的迭代器。iterator end()
:返回指向列表末尾的迭代器。