#include ＜iostream＞

<iostream>库是 C++ 标准库中用于输入输出操作的头文件。

<iostream> 定义了几个常用的流类和操作符，允许程序与标准输入输出设备（如键盘和屏幕）进行交互。

// Standard iostream objects -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file include/iostream
 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
 */

//
// ISO C++ 14882: 27.3  Standard iostream objects
//

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_IOSTREAM
#define _GLIBCXX_IOSTREAM 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <bits/c++config.h>
#include <ostream>
#include <istream>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   *  @name Standard Stream Objects
   *
   *  The &lt;iostream&gt; header declares the eight <em>standard stream
   *  objects</em>.  For other declarations, see
   *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/io.html
   *  and the @link iosfwd I/O forward declarations @endlink
   *
   *  They are required by default to cooperate with the global C
   *  library's @c FILE streams, and to be available during program
   *  startup and termination. For more information, see the section of the
   *  manual linked to above.
  */
  //@{
  extern istream cin;		/// Linked to standard input
  extern ostream cout;		/// Linked to standard output
  extern ostream cerr;		/// Linked to standard error (unbuffered)
  extern ostream clog;		/// Linked to standard error (buffered)

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
  extern wistream wcin;		/// Linked to standard input
  extern wostream wcout;	/// Linked to standard output
  extern wostream wcerr;	/// Linked to standard error (unbuffered)
  extern wostream wclog;	/// Linked to standard error (buffered)
#endif
  //@}

  // For construction of filebuffers for cout, cin, cerr, clog et. al.
  static ios_base::Init __ioinit;

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace

#endif /* _GLIBCXX_IOSTREAM */

• std::istream：用于输入操作的抽象基类。
• std::ostream：用于输出操作的抽象基类。
• std::iostream：继承自std::istream和std::ostream，用于同时进行输入和输出操作。
• std::cin：标准输入流对象，通常与键盘关联。
• std::cout：标准输出流对象，通常与屏幕关联。
• std::cerr：标准错误输出流对象，不带缓冲，通常与屏幕关联。
• std::clog：标准日志流对象，带缓冲，通常与屏幕关联。