Elasticsearch学习之ES的高级检索

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-04-21 00:30:00 发布 563 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

【硬刚ES】ES基础（三十五）分页与遍历 - From, Size, Search_after & Scroll API 本文是对《【硬刚大数据之学习路线篇】从零到大数据专家的学习指南(全面升级版)》的ES部分补充。课程Demo POST tmdb/_search { "from": 10000, "size": 1, "query": { "match_all": { } } } #Scroll API DELETE users POST users/_doc {"name":"user1",". 阅读详情

检索概览：
　　ES同MySQL一样拥有众多的查询接口可以帮助用户对指定的查询内容进行匹配检索查询；如精确查询、模糊查询、前缀查询、范围查询、正则表达式匹配查询等。
　　查询检索子句分为两类：
　　　　1）查询语句：执行全文本查询时，基于相关度来评判其匹配结果；查询执行过程复杂，且不会被缓存；
　　　　2）过滤语句：执行精确查询时，基于其结果为"yes"或"no"来进行评判；速度快，且结果可被缓存；
在这里插入图片描述

一、过滤语句
1）term filter：精确匹配包含指定term的文档；
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d '{
  "query":{
     "term":{
        "age":"25"
      }
   }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 4,     //查询时长，毫秒;
  "timed_out" : false,     //是否超时;
  "_shards" : {      //分片情况;
    "total" : 5,     //总分片个数;
    "successful" : 5,    //成功分片的个数;
    "skipped" : 0,      //跳过的个数;
    "failed" : 0       //失败的个数;
  },
  "hits" : {     //命中数据情况;
    "total" : 1,    //总命中数据个数;
    "max_score" : 1.0,    //打分情况;
    "hits" : [      //命中数据集;
      {
        "_index" : "student",     //索引名称;
        "_type" : "class1",      //类型名称;
        "_id" : "3",      //id情况;
        "_score" : 1.0,     //打分情况;
        "_source" : {      //源数据;
          "name" : "Yangguo",   //name字段与对应的值;
          "age" : 25,       //age字段与对应的值;
          "sex" : "M"      //sex字段与对应的值;
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

2）terms filter：用于多值精确匹配
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d '{
  "query":{
     "terms":{
        "age":[25,30]
      }
   }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Guojing",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Yangguo",
          "age" : 25,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3）range filters:用于在指定的范围内查找数值或时间
　　gt：大于
　　lt：小于
　　get：大于等于
　　let：小于等于
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty'  -d'{
    "query":{
       "range":{
          "age":{
             "gte":28,
             "lte":30
          }
       }
    }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 4,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Huangrong",
          "age" : 28,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Azhu",
          "age" : 28,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Guojing",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4）exists and missing filters：字段存在与否检索
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty'  -d'{
    "query":{
     "exists":
        {
          "field":"school"
        }
  }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "11",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "school" : "hkz"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

5）boolean filter：基于boolean逻辑来合并多个filter子句
　 must：其内部所有的子句条件必须同时匹配，即and；
查询代码：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "bool":{
          "must":[
          {"term":{"age":30}},
          {"term":{"name":"Guojing"}}]
       }
    }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 0,
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

must_not：其所有子句至少有一个子句匹配，即or
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "bool":{
          "should":[
          {"term":{"name":"Yangguo"}},
          {"term":{"age":25}}]
       }
    }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Yangguo",
          "age" : 25,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

must_not：其所有的子句必须都不匹配，即not
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "bool":{
          "must_not":[
          {"term":{"name":"Yangguo"}},
          {"term":{"sex":"F"}}]
       }
    }
}'

查询结果：

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 11,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },

  "hits" : {
    "total" : 11,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },

6）prefix query：前缀字符串检索匹配
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "prefix":{
           "name":"Guo"
       }
    }
}'

7）wildcard query：通配符检索
匹配具有匹配通配符表达式(not analyzed)的字段的文档。
支持的通配符：
　　1）*：匹配任何字符序列（包括空字符序列）；
　　2）？:匹配任何单个字符；
注意：次查询可能会很慢，因为它需要遍历多个术语，为了防止非常慢的通配符语句，通配符不能以任何一个通配符*或？开头。
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "wildcard":{
           "name":"Guo*"
       }
    }
}'

8）regexp query：正则表达式检索匹配
查询语句：

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "regexp":{
           "name":"Guo.*"
       }
    }
}'

9）fuzzy query：模糊查询查找再模糊度中指定的最大编辑距离内的所有可能的匹配项，然后检查术语字典，以找出在检索中实际存在待检索的关键词。

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "fuzzy":{
           "name":"Guo"
       }
    }
}'

10）type query：类型检索

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "type":{
           "value":"numbers"
       }
    }
}'

11）ids query：返回指定id的全部信息

[root@node2 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json 'localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty' -d'{
    "query":{
       "ids":{
           "values":["1","2"]
       }
    }
}'
{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Huangrong",
          "age" : 28,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Guojing",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

12）全文检索字段：对全文本指定匹配到的字段内容

[root@node1 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json "localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?q=Xiaofeng"
{"took":12,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":1,"max_score":0.2876821,"hits":[{"_index":"student","_type":"class1","_id":"5","_score":0.2876821,"_source":{
    "name":"Xiaofeng",
    "age":30,
    "sex":"M"

DSL语句检索方式：

[root@node1 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json "localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty"  -d '{
    "query":{
     "multi_match":{
        "query":"Xiaofeng"
     }
   }
}'
{
  "took" : 10,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

13）指定字段查找匹配的字符内容

[root@node1 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json "localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?q=sex:M"
{"took":6,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":3,"max_score":0.2876821,"hits":[{"_index":"student","_type":"class1","_id":"5","_score":0.2876821,"_source":{
    "name":"Xiaofeng",
    "age":30,
    "sex":"M"
}},{"_index":"student","_type":"class1","_id":"1","_score":0.2876821,"_source":{
    "name":"Guojing",
    "age":20,
    "sex":"M"
}},{"_index":"student","_type":"class1","_id":"3","_score":0.2876821,"_source":{
    "name":"Yangguo",
    "age":18,
    "sex":"M"
}}]}}

DSL语句指定字段检索：

[root@node1 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json  "localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty" -d'{
>     "query":{
>       "match":{
>         "sex":"M"
>       }
>     }
> }'
{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaofeng",
          "age" : 30,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Guojing",
          "age" : 20,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Yangguo",
          "age" : 18,
          "sex" : "M"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

14）在指定的多字段中检索文档

[root@node1 ~]# curl -XGET -H Content-Type:application/json  "localhost:9200/student/class1/_search?pretty" -d'{
    "query":{
      "multi_match":{
>        "query":"F",
>        "fields":["sex","name"]
>     }
>   }
> }'
{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "max_score" : 0.13353139,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.13353139,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Huangrong",
          "age" : 18,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.13353139,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Xiaolongnv",
          "age" : 25,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "student",
        "_type" : "class1",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_score" : 0.13353139,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "Azhu",
          "age" : 24,
          "sex" : "F"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}