论文概览 |《Sustainable Cities and Society》2024.10 Vol.113（下）

本次给大家整理的是《Sustainable Cities and Society》杂志2024年10月第113期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括79篇SCI论文！由于论文过多，我们将通过两篇文章进行介绍，本篇文章介绍第31--第79篇论文!
 

---

论文31

Impact of block morphology on urban thermal environment with the consideration of spatial heterogeneity块体形态对城市热环境的影响，考虑空间异质性
 

【摘要】Block thermal environments affect public health and the sustainable development of cities. However, the study of spatial heterogeneity of block morphology in thermal environments needs further research, and exploring a new classification system of block morphology will also be beneficial to urban management. Taking 1426 blocks of Dalian city as an example, this paper proposed a new classification system of block morphology (HDR system) by a two-step cluster. Pearson coefficient, ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model were applied to explore the mechanisms of building height (BH), building density (BD), and plot ratio (PR) on land surface temperature (LST) globally (non-classification) and locally (classification system HDR1–5) respectively. The results are as follows: 1) Low-floor buildings dominate Dalian's blocks. 2) Greater intensity of block development is associated with greater LST. 3) BH, BD, and PR show significant spatial heterogeneity on LST. 4) LST is most notably affected by BD. 5) HDR5 is recommended as the preferred block plan to face the worsening of the thermal environment. The results of this study provide direct references and implications for city managers and designers who want to develop practical and sustainable policies and norms for urban renewal and new blocks.
 

【摘要翻译】街区热环境影响着公共健康与城市的可持续发展。然而，街区形态在热环境中的空间异质性研究仍需进一步深入，探索新的街区形态分类系统对于城市管理也具有重要意义。以大连市1426个街区为例，本文通过两步聚类法提出了一个新的街区形态分类系统（HDR系统）。使用皮尔逊系数、普通最小二乘法（OLS）模型以及地理加权回归（GWR）模型，分别从全球（非分类）和局部（分类系统HDR1-5）的角度探讨了建筑高度（BH）、建筑密度（BD）和容积率（PR）对地表温度（LST）的机制。结果如下：1）大连市的街区以低层建筑为主。2）街区开发强度越大，地表温度越高。3）BH、BD和PR对地表温度的影响具有显著的空间异质性。4）地表温度受建筑密度的影响最为显著。5）HDR5被推荐为应对热环境恶化的优选街区规划。本研究的结果为希望制定实用和可持续的城市更新及新街区政策和规范的城市管理者和设计者提供了直接的参考与启示。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105622
 

【作者翻译】Chanjuan Wang, 北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135Zongmao Li, 北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135Yuan Su, 大连理工大学，建筑与艺术学院，中国大连 116024Qinfeng Zhao, 北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135Xiujuan He, 北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135Zhirui Wu, 大连理工大学，建筑与艺术学院，中国大连 116024Weijun Gao, 北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135Ziting Wu，北九州大学，环境工程学院，日本北九州 8080135

---

论文32

Heat the road again! Twenty years of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) evolution and forcings in 21 tropical metropolitan regions in Brazil from remote sensing analyses再次加热道路！基于遥感分析，巴西21个热带大都市地区表面城市热岛强度（SUHII）演变及其强迫因素的二十年演变
 

【摘要】This study analysed the influence of urbanisation on the expansion of surface urban heat island intensities (SUHIIs) and the variability of biophysical parameters in twenty one major Brazilian Metropolitan Regions (MRs), from 2003 to 2022. We use land surface temperature (LST) data from MODIS sensors to continuously quantify the daytime and night-time SUHIIs. Spectral reflectance and re-analysis data were used to access the variability of Enhanced Vegetation Index-2 (EVI2), surface albedo (α), urban area (UA) growth, net surface radiation (Rn), and actual evapotranspiration (ET). The Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to all variables and their relationships with LST were investigated using statistical metrics. The results show that the SUHIIs were 60 % (1.64 °C) higher during the daytime than during the night, with significant growth trends throughout the studied period and more pronounced monthly seasonal variations in higher latitude MRs. The UAs are shown to be more influential on LST during the daytime, with the association of LST with EVI2 and α playing a fundamental role in regulating the urban climate. The results also demonstrate that increasing ET potentially mitigates LST, especially during the daytime. For the night-time, Rn is a stronger factor influencing LST, leading to the higher availability of sensible heat.
 

【摘要翻译】本研究分析了从2003年至2022年城市化对巴西21个主要大都市区（MRs）地表城市热岛强度（SUHIIs）扩展及生物物理参数变化的影响。我们利用MODIS传感器的地表温度（LST）数据，连续量化了白天和夜间的SUHIIs。还通过光谱反射率和再分析数据评估了增强植被指数2（EVI2）、地表反照率（α）、城市面积（UA）增长、净地表辐射（Rn）和实际蒸散（ET）的变化。应用Mann-Kendall趋势检验对所有变量进行了分析，并通过统计指标探讨了这些变量与LST之间的关系。结果表明，白天的SUHIIs比夜间高出60%（1.64°C），在研究期间呈显著增长趋势，且在高纬度MRs中表现出更显著的月度季节性变化。研究还显示，白天UA对LST的影响更大，LST与EVI2和α的关联在调节城市气候中起到了关键作用。研究结果还表明，ET的增加有助于缓解LST，尤其是在白天。而夜间Rn则对LST的影响更强，导致感热量的增加。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105629
 

【作者翻译】Eduardo Gonçalves Patriota, 巴拉伊巴联邦大学，土木与环境工程系，巴西若昂佩索阿Guillaume F. Bertrand, 巴拉伊巴联邦大学，土木与环境工程系，巴西若昂佩索阿；法郎-孔泰大学UMR 6249 UFC/CNRS环境历史研究中心，法国蒙贝利亚Cristiano das N. Almeida, 巴拉伊巴联邦大学，土木与环境工程系，巴西若昂佩索阿Cinthia Maria de A. Claudino, 巴拉伊巴联邦大学，土木与环境工程系，巴西若昂佩索阿Victor Hugo R. Coelho，巴拉伊巴联邦大学，地球科学系，巴西若昂佩索阿

---

论文33

The 50-year spatial transition of suburban industrial parks and impacts on sustainable urbanization in the Tokyo metropolitan area东京大都市区郊区工业园区的50年空间转型及其对可持续城市化的影响
 

【摘要】Suburban Industrial Parks (SIP) promote orderly industrial land agglomeration, contributing to sustainable land use transition. Previous studies mostly focused on socio-economic effectiveness and environmental strategies, while the multiscale spatial transition of SIPs and their roles in sustainable urbanization were not thoroughly examined. This study analyzes the temporal pattern of spatial features (TPSF) of SIPs in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) using an original suburban industrial community (SIC) model that integrates SIP with its neighborhood. We investigated 110 SIPs established since 1959 across three investigation periods. The results reveal: 1) SIPs influence industrial land use in their neighborhood areas, mostly ranging from 500 to 2500 m. 2) SIPs’ effects on industrial land agglomerations vary over time, demonstrating three development phases: the first phase exhibits the strongest intensity of agglomeration; the second phase falls to the weak; and the third phase recovers a strong agglomeration. 3) Multiscale industrial agglomeration patterns show that 56 % of SIPs in the TMA contribute to orderly spatial transitions; 4) Main road networks facilitate industrial agglomeration. This study proposes the importance of adaptive land use management strategies for SIPs by development phases, and the SIC model could be an applicable tool for land use planning in metropolitan suburbs.
 

【摘要翻译】郊区工业园区（Suburban Industrial Parks，SIP）通过有序的工业用地集聚，促进了土地可持续利用的转型。以往的研究大多集中在社会经济效益和环境战略上，而对于SIP的多尺度空间转型及其在可持续城市化中的作用却未得到充分研究。本研究通过原创的郊区工业社区（Suburban Industrial Community，SIC）模型，分析了东京大都市圈（Tokyo Metropolitan Area，TMA）中SIP的时空特征模式（Temporal Pattern of Spatial Features，TPSF）。该模型将SIP与其周边社区整合在一起，研究了自1959年以来建立的110个SIP，分三个调查期进行分析。研究结果表明：1. SIP对其周边区域的工业用地利用产生影响，影响范围主要在500至2500米之间；2. SIP对工业用地集聚的影响随时间变化，表现出三个发展阶段：第一阶段集聚强度最强；第二阶段集聚强度减弱；第三阶段集聚强度再次增强；3. 多尺度的工业集聚模式显示，TMA中56%的SIP促进了有序的空间转型；4. 主要道路网络促进了工业集聚。本研究提出了根据不同发展阶段对SIP实施适应性土地利用管理策略的重要性，并认为SIC模型可作为大都市郊区土地利用规划的应用工具。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105679
 

【作者翻译】Ruiyi Zhang, 庆应义塾大学，媒体与治理研究生院，日本东京港区三田2-15-45，邮政编码 108-8345Wanglin Yan，庆应义塾大学，环境与信息研究学院，日本东京

论文34

Influence of age, soil volume, and climate change on water availability at urban tree sites年龄、土壤体积和气候变化对城市树木生长点水分可用性的影响
 

【摘要】Conditions for trees are challenging in urban areas with a high degree of soil sealing combined with changing climatic conditions. Stress is a primary mortality factor, especially for young trees that do not yet provide ecosystem services such as sufficient cooling. Therefore, sustainable tree planting in an urban environment must create conditions so a tree can grow into a large tree and be preserved for a long time. We developed a daily water balance model of urban trees in a temperate climate, focusing on realistic planning scenarios for five locations in Germany for current and future climate conditions. The aim was to understand annual and seasonal variation in soil water content (SWC) and the drought stress intensity. We modeled the SWC for trees ages 10 to 60, a crucial parameter for analyzing site conditions, and quantified drought duration and correlation to extreme heat. The results show that age strongly impacts drought duration. Imperviousness and root volume have a higher impact on drought intensity than future climate change. We conclude that it is crucial to consider sealing and root space when planning urban tree locations to preserve vital trees in the future.
 

【摘要翻译】城市地区的树木生长条件面临挑战，这主要是由于土壤高度密封以及气候条件的变化。压力是主要的死亡因素，尤其是对尚未提供生态系统服务（如足够降温）的年轻树木。因此，在城市环境中可持续的树木种植必须创造出使树木能够成长为大树并长久保存的条件。我们开发了一个针对温带气候下城市树木的每日水分平衡模型，重点关注德国五个地点在当前和未来气候条件下的现实规划场景。研究的目的是了解土壤水分含量（SWC）的年度和季节变化以及干旱压力的强度。我们对树龄在10至60年的SWC进行了建模，这是分析场地条件的关键参数，并量化了干旱持续时间及其与极端高温的相关性。结果表明，树木的年龄对干旱持续时间影响显著。土壤的 impermeability（不透水性）和根系体积对干旱强度的影响大于未来气候变化。我们得出的结论是，在规划城市树木种植地点时，考虑土壤密封和根系空间对未来保护重要树木至关重要。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105680
 

【作者翻译】Lea Rosenberger, 慕尼黑工业大学，城市水系统工程教研室，德国加尔兴，阿姆库伦巴尔街 3，邮政编码 85748Jorge Leandro, 锡根大学，水力学与水利工程教研室，德国锡根，保罗·博那茨街 9-11，邮政编码 57068Raul Wood, 慕尼黑大学地理系，德国慕尼黑，路易森街 37，邮政编码 80333；WSL 雪和雪崩研究所，瑞士达沃斯村，弗吕埃拉街 11，邮政编码 7260；气候变化、极端天气和阿尔卑斯地区自然灾害研究中心 (CERC)，瑞士达沃斯村，邮政编码 7260Thomas Rötzer, 慕尼黑工业大学，森林生长与产量科学教研室，德国弗赖辛，汉斯-卡尔-冯-卡尔洛维茨广场 2，邮政编码 85354Brigitte Helmreich，慕尼黑工业大学，城市水系统工程教研室，德国加尔兴，阿姆库伦巴尔街 3，邮政编码 85748

---

论文35

Urban form and surface temperature inequality in 683 European cities683个欧洲城市的城市形态与地表温度不平等
 

【摘要】Despite rapid urbanization and growing heat stress, comprehensive insights into the association between urban form and environmental inequality are lacking. We study the population-weighted Gini coefficient, the measurement of inequality, of the average land surface temperature (LST) in summer in 683 European cities (i.e. Functional Urban Areas) against thirty-four urban form indicators, i.e. population, area, compact ratio, local climate zones (LCZ), presence of grass, impervious surfaces, trees, water and albedo, elevation, aspect, Köppen-Geiger climate classification (KG) and latitude. We calculate density, Moran's I and Entropy measures to quantify cities' spatial structures and diversity. The area of each city is divided into 1 × 1 km spatial units, and inequality among such units is calculated. Using geographically weighted regression (GWR), we found that the impact of factors varies across the cities and that almost 70 % of overall inequality can be explained by urban form. The variables occasionally decreasing LST inequality were population density and concentration, LCZ 9, dry climate, and high latitude. The ones increasing it were urban size, LCZ 3, 5, 6, 8, entropy LCZ, impervious surfaces' density and concentration, trees, high elevation, aspect southwest, and polar climate. Ultimately, the study discusses the findings and proposes spatial strategies for mitigating inequality.
 

【摘要翻译】尽管城市化迅速发展且热应力不断增加，但关于城市形态与环境不平等之间关系的全面洞察仍然缺乏。我们研究了683个欧洲城市（即功能城市区）夏季平均地表温度（LST）的人口加权基尼系数这一不平等的测量指标，与34个城市形态指标之间的关系，包括人口、面积、紧凑比、局部气候区（LCZ）、草地的存在、不透水面、树木、水体和反照率、海拔、坡向、柯本-格基气候分类（KG）和纬度。我们计算了城市的密度、莫兰指数（Moran's I）和熵值（Entropy）指标，以量化城市的空间结构和多样性。每个城市的区域被划分为1 × 1公里的空间单元，并计算这些单元之间的不平等。通过地理加权回归（GWR），我们发现不同因素对城市的影响各异，几乎70%的总体不平等可以通过城市形态来解释。偶尔减少LST不平等的变量包括人口密度和集中度、LCZ 9、干旱气候和高纬度。增加不平等的变量包括城市规模、LCZ 3、5、6、8、熵值LCZ、不透水面密度和集中度、树木、高海拔、南西坡向和极地气候。最后，研究讨论了这些发现，并提出了减轻不平等的空间策略。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105690
 

【作者翻译】Bardia Mashhoodi,环境科学系，景观建筑与空间规划组，瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心，荷兰瓦赫宁根，邮政信箱 47，邮政编码 6700 AAPablo Muñoz Unceta，加泰罗尼亚高级建筑学院，西班牙巴塞罗那，C. de Pujades, 102，邮政编码 08005

---

论文36

Decision support for strategic microgrid design integrating governance, business, intelligence, communication, and physical perspectives整合治理、商业、智能、通信和物理视角的战略微电网设计决策支持
 

【摘要】Microgrids are custom-designed, but their extensive design options hinder their dissemination. Consequently, microgrid-interested parties need strategic support to identify suitable design options for their use case. This paper develops a decision support artifact in the form of a decision tree for recommending the most suitable microgrid design for a project. A multi-step design science-oriented process was used. First, a morphological analysis of academic literature was conducted to deduce all possible microgrid design options and visualize them in a morphological box. Once done, 62 real-world microgrids of diverse types and locations were classified according to the morphological box. The produced dataset was used to derive five microgrid design archetypes algorithmically using cluster analysis. The dataset and their associated archetypes were then fed into a rule-mining algorithm to generate a decision tree that recommends the appropriate microgrid archetype based on up to four questions about, for instance, the microgrid's objective and the connectivity to the main grid. Furthermore, design principles for each microgrid archetype recommendation were formulated. The developed design artifact serves as applicable knowledge and a benchmark framework for researchers, as well as a comprehensive and simultaneously simplified decision-making framework for practitioners.
 

【摘要翻译】微电网是定制设计的，但其广泛的设计选项阻碍了它们的推广。因此，有兴趣的各方需要战略支持，以识别适合其用例的设计选项。本文开发了一种决策支持工具，以决策树的形式推荐最适合项目的微电网设计。采用了多步骤的设计科学导向过程。首先，对学术文献进行了形态学分析，以推导出所有可能的微电网设计选项，并在形态学框中进行了可视化。完成后，将62个不同类型和位置的真实微电网根据形态学框进行了分类。产生的数据集用于通过聚类分析算法推导出五种微电网设计原型。然后，将数据集及其相关原型输入规则挖掘算法，以生成决策树，根据有关微电网目标和与主电网连接等多达四个问题推荐适当的微电网原型。此外，还制定了每个微电网原型推荐的设计原则。所开发的设计工具为研究人员提供了适用的知识和基准框架，同时为从业者提供了全面且简化的决策框架。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105672
 

【作者翻译】Jana Gerlach, 信息系统研究所，汉诺威大学，德国汉诺威，Königsworther Platz 1，邮政编码 30167Sarah Eckhoff, 信息系统研究所，汉诺威大学，德国汉诺威，Königsworther Platz 1，邮政编码30167Michael H. Breitner，信息系统研究所，汉诺威大学，德国汉诺威，Königsworther Platz 1，邮政编码30167

---

论文37

Are grand tree planting initiatives meeting expectations in mitigating urban overheating during heat waves?大规模植树倡议在缓解热浪期间的城市过热方面是否符合预期？
 

【摘要】Numerous cities undertakes substantial tree planting initiatives for heatwave mitigation, driven by model predictions indicating a positive mitigation impact. However, emerging studies suggest that the transpiration behavior of trees during heatwaves significantly deviates from normal. This divergence, overlooked in current climate models, introduces the possibility of inaccuracies in predicting transpiration cooling during heatwaves. In this research, 1) The universality of changed transpiration in heat wave is revealed: the study of over 700 trees of various species indicates that the transpiration of at least 65 % of the sampled trees is overestimated by conventional model during heat waves. 2) The transpiration scheme within climate model is revised to represent the new pattern. Comparison shows that conventional model overestimates the peak hour cooling efficiency of trees in heatwave by 60 %. Consequently, the effectiveness of large-scale tree-planting as a heatwave mitigation strategy may not meet expectations, emphasizing the need for strategy refinement during heatwaves.
 

【摘要翻译】许多城市进行大规模植树活动以缓解热浪，推动这一做法的原因是模型预测表明其具有积极的缓解效果。然而，近期研究表明，在热浪期间，树木的蒸腾行为与正常情况显著不同。这种偏差在当前气候模型中被忽视，导致在预测热浪期间的蒸腾降温时可能出现不准确的情况。本研究主要有以下两个发现：1）热浪中蒸腾变化的普遍性：对700多棵不同树种的研究表明，至少65%的样本树木在热浪期间的蒸腾被传统模型高估。2）修订气候模型中的蒸腾方案，以反映新的模式。比较表明，传统模型在热浪期间高估了树木的峰值小时降温效率，达到60%。因此，大规模植树作为热浪缓解策略的有效性可能无法达到预期，这强调了在热浪期间对策略进行调整的必要性。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105671
 

【作者翻译】Kai Gao, 新南威尔士大学，建筑环境学院，澳大利亚悉尼 NSW 2052；南方科技大学亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，中国广州，广东 510641；香港中文大学建筑系，中国香港Jie Feng, 新南威尔士大学，建筑环境学院，澳大利亚悉尼 NSW 2052；南方科技大学亚热带建筑与城市科学国家重点实验室，中国广州，广东 510641；墨尔本大学，建筑、建筑与规划学院，澳大利亚Mattheos Santamouris，新南威尔士大学，建筑环境学院，澳大利亚悉尼 NSW 2052

---

论文38

Quantifying the uncertainty of the effects of varying wind conditions on outdoor airflow and pollutant dispersion量化风速变化对户外气流和污染物扩散影响的不确定性
【摘要】Studying gaseous pollutant dispersion in outdoor settings is essential to preventing pollution of the environment around buildings and protecting public health. Wind conditions are constantly changing, resulting in variability and uncertainty in airflow and pollutant dispersion. Past studies have investigated the impact of wind conditions primarily through the sampling method, which is inefficient. This study quantified the uncertainty in the effects of varying wind conditions on air velocity and pollutant concentration using the polynomial chaos expansion method, which approximates velocity and concentration results by expanding orthogonal polynomials with wind direction and wind speed as input variables. The obtained the polynomials of velocity and pollutant concentration with wind condition can achieve 0.91–0.98 accuracy. This method allows for quick calculations of velocity and concentration results, providing the distributions of velocity and concentration with respect to wind conditions. It enables direct and rapid prediction of air velocity and pollutant concentration, avoiding the need for repeated simulations due to varying wind conditions and thus improving computational efficiency. This approach provides more comprehensive information about pollution dispersion in actual urban environments.
 

【摘要翻译】在户外环境中研究气体污染物的扩散对于防止建筑周围环境污染和保护公共健康至关重要。风力条件不断变化，导致气流和污染物扩散存在变异性和不确定性。以往的研究主要通过采样方法来调查风力条件的影响，但这种方法效率较低。本研究使用多项式混沌扩展方法量化了变化风力条件对空气速度和污染物浓度的影响的不确定性，该方法通过以风向和风速为输入变量扩展正交多项式来近似速度和浓度结果。所获得的关于风力条件的速度和污染物浓度的多项式能够实现0.91到0.98的准确性。该方法可以快速计算速度和浓度结果，提供与风力条件相关的速度和浓度分布。这使得能够直接和迅速地预测空气速度和污染物浓度，避免了由于风力条件变化而需要重复仿真的情况，从而提高了计算效率。这种方法为实际城市环境中的污染扩散提供了更全面的信息。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105698
 

【作者翻译】Ting Dai, 天津市室内空气环境质量控制重点实验室，环境科学与工程学院，天津大学，中国天津 300072Sumei Liu, 天津市室内空气环境质量控制重点实验室，环境科学与工程学院，天津大学，中国天津 300072Junjie Liu, 天津市室内空气环境质量控制重点实验室，环境科学与工程学院，天津大学，中国天津 300072Nan Jiang, 机械工程学院，天津大学，中国天津 300072Qingyan Chen，建筑环境与能源工程系，香港理工大学，中国香港九龙 999077

---

论文39

A continuous approximation model for the optimal design of mixed free-floating and station-based car-sharing systems混合自由浮动与基于站点的共享汽车系统的最佳设计连续近似模型
 

【摘要】One-way car-sharing systems have become a popular urban transportation mode in many cities worldwide. First pilot implementations were originally station-based, so that trips needed to be station-to-station. This configuration created implementation difficulties in many cities and higher infrastructure costs for operating agencies. The appearance of free-floating on-street systems eased these limitations and implied an important growth of car-sharing implementations. In spite of these, free-floating systems are not free of planning and operative difficulties, which if not addressed carefully, might imply the economical unsustainability of the system. The idea of mixed systems, where a free-floating system and a station-based system complement each other, is new. The objective is to exploit the potentialities of both designs, while limiting their respective drawbacks. This paper presents a parsimonious model from which to derive the optimal strategical design variables for mixed car-sharing systems (i.e. the vehicle fleet size, the number of stations and the required intensity of rebalancing operations). This requires an integrated view of the system, allowing the optimization of the trade-off between the costs incurred by the operating agency and the level of service offered to users. The approach is based on the modelling technique of continuous approximations, which requires strong simplifications but allows obtaining very clear trade-offs and insights. The model has been applied to a case study taking the parameters from the city of Barcelona. Results prove the profitability of mixed car-sharing systems, which in particular contexts, is higher than that of pure free-floating or pure station-based systems on their own. Furthermore, if electrical cars are used, results show that battery recharging will not imply an active restriction to the system configuration. In conclusion, the proposed modeling approach represents a tool for the strategic design of car-sharing systems in the planning phase and provides guidelines for their adequate development, contributing to a more sustainable urban mobility.
 

【摘要翻译】单向汽车共享系统已成为全球许多城市中一种受欢迎的城市交通模式。最初的试点实施是基于站点的，因此出行需要站点到站点。这种配置在许多城市造成了实施困难，并增加了运营机构的基础设施成本。无桩街边系统的出现缓解了这些限制，并推动了汽车共享实施的重要增长。尽管如此，无桩系统并非没有规划和运营困难，如果不加以妥善解决，可能导致系统的经济不可持续。将无桩系统与基于站点的系统结合的混合系统的想法是新的。其目标是利用两种设计的潜力，同时限制各自的缺点。本文提出了一个简约模型，以推导混合汽车共享系统的最佳战略设计变量（即车辆车队规模、站点数量和所需的平衡操作强度）。这需要对系统进行综合考虑，以优化运营机构产生的成本与提供给用户的服务水平之间的权衡。该方法基于连续近似的建模技术，尽管需要进行强简化，但能获得非常明确的权衡和洞察。该模型已应用于以巴塞罗那市的参数为基础的案例研究。结果证明，在特定背景下，混合汽车共享系统的盈利能力高于纯无桩或纯基于站点的系统。此外，如果使用电动车，结果表明电池充电不会对系统配置产生积极的限制。总之，所提出的建模方法为汽车共享系统的战略设计提供了工具，并为其适当发展提供了指导，从而促进了更可持续的城市出行。
 

【doi】https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105673
 

【作者翻译】Enrique Jiménez, 西班牙巴萨罗那，08034，乔迪·吉罗纳街1-3号，B1大楼114办公室，巴特罗那理工大学（UPC）BITFrancesc Soriguera，西班牙巴萨罗那，08034，乔迪·吉罗纳街1-3号，B1大楼114办公室，巴特罗那理工大学（UPC）BIT

---

论文40

Quantifying the cooling effect and benefits of urban parks: A case study of Hangzhou, China量化城市公园的降温效果和益处：以中国杭州为例
 

【摘要】Urban parks are increasingly recognized as effective nature-based solutions for mitigating urban heat in large cities. Although the cooling effect of parks has been thoroughly assessed, comprehensive studies on their cumulative cooling effects remain relatively sparse. Moreover, the benefits of this cooling effect have not yet been fully explored. To address this gap, we selected 220 parks in Hangzhou City to quantify their cooling effects and reveal driving factors. Additionally, we developed indicators for cooling exposure and carbon-saving potential to investigate the livelihood and ecological benefits arise from park cooling. We