本文详细介绍了虚幻引擎中角色、子弹和AI系统的实现。角色类包括设置摄像机、弹簧臂、人物移动和动作绑定，以及不同类型的攻击效果。子弹类基于SProjectileBase，具有碰撞检测、爆炸效果和不同攻击类型如普通攻击、闪现攻击。AI系统涉及行为树、导航网格体、环境查询系统，以及角色间的交互逻辑。此外，还涵盖了交互组件、血条显示、游戏时间等UI元素的实现。
目录
移动与朝向：MoveForward/MoveRight、Turn/LoopUp
为人物绑定设置子弹类：SpawnProjectile适配器类
❗为角色添加属性组件：USAttributeComponent
为角色添加交互组件接口：USInteractionComponent* InteractionComp;
胶囊碰撞体：USphereComponent* SphereComp;
子弹移动组件：UProjectileMovementComponent* MoveComp;
粒子系统组件（平A效果）：UParticleSystemComponent* EffectComp;
粒子系统组件（爆炸效果）：UParticleSystem* ImpactVFX;
子弹爆炸音效组件：USoundCue* ImpactSound;
？子弹播放声音组件：UAudioComponent* AudioComp;
子弹击中画面震动效果：TSubclassOf ImpactShake;
⭐碰撞事件&爆炸（虚函数）：void Explode();（BlueprintNativeEvent）
游戏AI逻辑-范围内攻击：USBTService_CheckAttackRange（UBTService）
游戏AI范围内攻击任务结点：USBTTask_RangedAttack
角色类：SCharacter
设置摄像机
弹簧臂和摄像机设置
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
USpringArmComponent* SpringArmComp;
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
UCameraComponent* CameraComp;在构造函数中创建这两个类，并设置依赖关系：
弹簧臂附着在RootComponent，摄像机附着在弹簧臂上
SpringArmComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>("SpringArmComp");
SpringArmComp->bUsePawnControlRotation = true;
SpringArmComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
CameraComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>("CameraComp");
CameraComp->SetupAttachment(SpringArmComp);
GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;
bUseControllerRotationYaw = false;注意 bUseControllerRotationYaw =false；其效果为：
bUseControllerRotationYaw=true；
bUseControllerRotationYaw=false；
应该设置为false，
同时注意GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;
GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = false;如下
GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;如下
类似黑暗之魂这种第三人称的移动朝向方式。
设置人物移动和动作绑定
void ASCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveForward", this, &ASCharacter::MoveForward);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveRight", this, &ASCharacter::MoveRight);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("Turn", this, &APawn::AddControllerYawInput);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("LookUp", this, &APawn::AddControllerPitchInput);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("PrimaryAttack", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack);
// Used generic name 'SecondaryAttack' for binding
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("SecondaryAttack", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::BlackHoleAttack);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Dash", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::Dash);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("PrimaryInteract", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryInteract);
PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Jump", IE_Pressed, this, &ACharacter::Jump);
}移动与朝向：MoveForward/MoveRight、Turn/LoopUp
void ASCharacter::MoveForward(float Value)
{
FRotator ControlRot = GetControlRotation();
ControlRot.Pitch = 0.0f;
ControlRot.Roll = 0.0f;
AddMovementInput(ControlRot.Vector(), Value);
}
void ASCharacter::MoveRight(float Value)
{
FRotator ControlRot = GetControlRotation();
ControlRot.Pitch = 0.0f;
ControlRot.Roll = 0.0f;
// X = Forward (Red)
// Y = Right (Green)
// Z = Up (Blue)
FVector RightVector = FRotationMatrix(ControlRot).GetScaledAxis(EAxis::Y);
AddMovementInput(RightVector, Value);
}其中Turn和LookUp绑定的函数是由APawn中已经写好的内容。
&APawn::AddControllerYawInput
&APawn::AddControllerPitchInput这里附上Yaw、Roll、Pitch的内容，结合代码理解：
UE是左手坐标系：拇指X，食指Y，中指Z（中指向上摆放）
X：Roll翻滚角
Y：Pitch俯仰角
Z：Yaw偏航角
动图：
1.俯仰:（Pitch）
2.翻滚：(Roll)
3.偏航：(Yaw)
所以，MoveForward和MoveRight只与Yaw有关，控制偏航角度；Turn也和Yaw有关，控制偏航角度；而LoopUp与Pitch有关，控制上下移动视角。
为人物绑定设置子弹类：SpawnProjectile适配器类
- 生成位置：手部Socket（HandLocation）
- Actor生成：设置碰撞，instigator为角色自身
- 碰撞预设：
- 子弹轨迹：起点为手部，终点为十字准星方向
void ASCharacter::SpawnProjectile(TSubclassOf<AActor> ClassToSpawn)
{
if (ensureAlways(ClassToSpawn))
{
FVector HandLocation = GetMesh()->GetSocketLocation(HandSocketName);
FActorSpawnParameters SpawnParams;
SpawnParams.SpawnCollisionHandlingOverride = ESpawnActorCollisionHandlingMethod::AlwaysSpawn;
SpawnParams.Instigator = this;
FCollisionShape Shape;
Shape.SetSphere(20.0f);
// Ignore Player
FCollisionQueryParams Params;
Params.AddIgnoredActor(this);
FCollisionObjectQueryParams ObjParams;
ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldDynamic);
ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldStatic);
ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_Pawn);
FVector TraceStart = CameraComp->GetComponentLocation();
// endpoint far into the look-at distance (not too far, still adjust somewhat towards crosshair on a miss)
FVector TraceEnd = CameraComp->GetComponentLocation() + (GetControlRotation().Vector() * 5000);
FHitResult Hit;
// returns true if we got to a blocking hit
if (GetWorld()->SweepSingleByObjectType(Hit, TraceStart, TraceEnd, FQuat::Identity, ObjParams, Shape, Params))
{
// Overwrite trace end with impact point in world
TraceEnd = Hit.ImpactPoint;
}
// find new direction/rotation from Hand pointing to impact point in world.
FRotator ProjRotation = FRotationMatrix::MakeFromX(TraceEnd - HandLocation).Rotator();
FTransform SpawnTM = FTransform(ProjRotation, HandLocation);
GetWorld()->SpawnActor<AActor>(ClassToSpawn, SpawnTM, SpawnParams);
}
}设置攻击动画以及攻击特效
void ASCharacter::StartAttackEffects()
{
PlayAnimMontage(AttackAnim);
UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAttached(CastingEffect, GetMesh(), HandSocketName, FVector::ZeroVector, FRotator::ZeroRotator, EAttachLocation::SnapToTarget);
}普通攻击
void ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack()
{
StartAttackEffects();
GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_PrimaryAttack, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
}
void ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack_TimeElapsed()
{
SpawnProjectile(ProjectileClass);
}黑洞攻击
void ASCharacter::BlackHoleAttack()
{
StartAttackEffects();
GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_BlackholeAttack, this, &ASCharacter::BlackholeAttack_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
}
void ASCharacter::BlackholeAttack_TimeElapsed()
{
SpawnProjectile(BlackHoleProjectileClass);
}闪现攻击
void ASCharacter::Dash()
{
StartAttackEffects();
GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_Dash, this, &ASCharacter::Dash_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
}
void ASCharacter::Dash_TimeElapsed()
{
SpawnProjectile(DashProjectileClass);
}❗为角色添加属性组件：USAttributeComponent
为角色添加交互组件接口：USInteractionComponent* InteractionComp;
子弹类：SProejctileBase
ASProjectileBase::ASProjectileBase()
{
SphereComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<USphereComponent>("SphereComp");
SphereComp->SetCollisionProfileName("Projectile");
SphereComp->OnComponentHit.AddDynamic(this, &ASProjectileBase::OnActorHit);
RootComponent = SphereComp;
EffectComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<UParticleSystemComponent>("EffectComp");
EffectComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
AudioComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<UAudioComponent>("AudioComp");
AudioComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
MoveComp = CreateDefaultSubobject<UProjectileMovementComponent>("ProjectileMoveComp");
MoveComp->bRotationFollowsVelocity = true;
MoveComp->bInitialVelocityInLocalSpace = true;
MoveComp->ProjectileGravityScale = 0.0f;
MoveComp->InitialSpeed = 8000;
ImpactShakeInnerRadius = 0.0f;
ImpactShakeOuterRadius = 1500.0f;
}胶囊碰撞体：USphereComponent* SphereComp;
- 设置名称
- 设置碰撞预设
- 设置碰撞触发事件
- 将RootComponent设为碰撞体
子弹移动组件：UProjectileMovementComponent* MoveComp;
- 初始化相关移动属性，比如速度
粒子系统组件（平A效果）：UParticleSystemComponent* EffectComp;
在cpp中构造函数进行初始化，只需要设置名称与挂载RootComponent。
因为子弹效果必然要跟随着子弹，故需要附着在RootComponent上。
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