Repo工具详解

Repo的概念

Repo是Google为Android项目开发的一个版本控制工具,用于简化对Git仓库的管理。它并非取代Git,而是建立在Git之上的一层工具集,帮助开发者更高效地管理多个Git仓库中的代码。在复杂的嵌入式项目中,通常涉及多个代码库和组件的管理,而Repo通过提供集中化的配置文件,可以同时处理多个Git仓库的克隆、更新、同步等操作,使得大型项目中的代码管理更加灵活和高效。

在嵌入式开发中,尤其是使用Yocto项目进行定制化开发时,Repo工具常用于从多个Git仓库获取相应的源码,例如NXP的i.MX 8M Plus开发环境。通过Repo工具,开发者可以轻松同步各个组件的最新代码,简化项目的初始化和更新工作流程。

Manifest文件的概念

Manifest是Repo工具中一个关键的配置文件,定义了项目中需要同步的各个Git仓库的详细信息。它通过一个XML文件的形式,列出了所有与项目相关的Git仓库的URL、分支、路径等信息,以及它们在本地文件系统中的结构和相互关系。通过Manifest文件,Repo可以准确地同步和管理多个Git仓库,确保开发环境中的代码库始终保持一致和最新。

Manifest文件的主要作用是在复杂的嵌入式项目中帮助开发者统一管理多个源码库的版本。每当项目需要更新、同步或者引入新的模块时,开发者只需修改Manifest文件,而不必手动操作每个Git仓库。这样不仅提高了项目的管理效率,还能保证不同组件之间的兼容性。在NXP的Yocto项目环境中,Manifest文件通常用于管理与i.MX 8M Plus等平台相关的所有源代码仓库。

如果没有 Manifest 文件,Repo 无法知道项目中有哪些仓库、这些仓库的来源是什么以及如何组织它们。因此,Repo 在没有 Manifest 文件的情况下无法正常工作,也无法管理和协调多个 Git 仓库的操作

Repo先关平台

以下是一些常用的 Repo 工具和相关平台:

  1. Google Repo
    最早由 Google 开发,用于管理 Android 项目中的多个 Git 仓库。它使用一个 manifest 文件来定义多个 Git 仓库,并通过一个统一的接口进行管理。

    • 使用场景:主要用于 Android 开发项目,管理大型代码库和多个仓库。
    • 官方网站:https://source.android.com/setup/develop/repo
  2. Git Submodules
    Git 自带的子模块机制,可以将一个 Git 仓库中的另一个 Git 仓库作为子模块管理。

    • 使用场景:适合小型项目或对多个代码库依赖较少的项目,集成度较高的工具。
    • 官方文档:https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules
  3. Repo for Yocto Project
    NXP、Yocto 项目和其他嵌入式平台厂商也基于 Google

To make edits to changes after they have been uploaded, you should use a tool like git rebase -i or git commit --amend to update your local commits. After your edits are complete: Make sure the updated branch is the currently checked out branch. For each commit in the series, enter the Gerrit change ID inside the brackets: # Replacing from branch foo [ 3021 ] 35f2596c Refactor part of GetUploadableBranches to lookup one specific... [ 2829 ] ec18b4ba Update proto client to support patch set replacments # Insert change numbers in the brackets to add a new patch set. # To create a new change record, leave the brackets empty. After the upload is complete the changes will have an additional Patch Set. If you only want to upload the currently checked out Git branch, you can use the flag --current-branch (or --cbr for short). diff repo diff [<PROJECT_LIST>] Shows outstanding changes between commit and working tree using git diff. download repo download <TARGET> <CHANGE> Downloads the specified change from the review system and makes it available in your project's local working directory. For example, to download change 23823 into your platform/build directory: repo download platform/build 23823 A repo sync should effectively remove any commits retrieved via repo download. Or, you can check out the remote branch; e.g., git checkout m/master. Note: There is a slight mirroring lag between when a change is visible on the web in Gerrit and when repo download will be able to find it for all users, because of replication delays to all servers worldwide. forall repo forall [<PROJECT_LIST>] -c <COMMAND> Executes the given shell command in each project. The following additional environment variables are made available by repo forall: REPO_PROJECT is set to the unique name of the project. REPO_PATH is the path relative to the root of the client. REPO_REMOTE is the name of the remote system from the manifest. REPO_LREV is the name of the revision from the manifest, translated to a local tracking branch. Used if you need to pass the manifest revision to a locally executed git command. REPO_RREV is the name of the revision from the manifest, exactly as written in the manifest. Options: -c: command and arguments to execute. The command is evaluated through /bin/sh and any arguments after it are passed through as shell positional parameters. -p: show project headers before output of the specified command. This is achieved by binding pipes to the command's stdin, stdout, and sterr streams, and piping all output into a continuous stream that is displayed in a single pager session. -v: show messages the command writes to stderr. prune repo prune [<PROJECT_LIST>] Prunes (deletes) topics that are already merged. start repo start <BRANCH_NAME> [<PROJECT_LIST>] Begins a new branch for development, starting from the revision specified in the manifest. The <BRANCH_NAME> argument should provide a short description of the change you are trying to make to the projects.If you don't know, consider using the name default. The <PROJECT_LIST> specifies which projects will participate in this topic branch. Note: "." is a useful shorthand for the project in the current working directory. status repo status [<PROJECT_LIST>] Compares the working tree to the staging area (index) and the most recent commit on this branch (HEAD) in each project specified. Displays a summary line for each file where there is a difference between these three states. To see the status for only the current branch, run repo status. The status information will be listed by project. For each file in the project, a two-letter code is used: In the first column, an uppercase letter indicates how the staging area differs from the last committed state. letter meaning description - no change same in HEAD and index A added not in HEAD, in index M modified in HEAD, modified in index D deleted in HEAD, not in index R renamed not in HEAD, path changed in index C copied not in HEAD, copied from another in index T mode changed same content in HEAD and index, mode changed U unmerged conflict between HEAD and index; resolution required In the second column, a lowercase letter indicates how the working directory differs from the index. letter meaning description - new/unknown not in index, in work tree m modified in index, in work tree, modified d deleted in index, not in work tree Was this page helpful? Let us know how we did:
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