手把手教你使用 Raspberry - Wireless-Access-Point

RPI Wireless-Access-Point

将Raspberry Pi3 作为无线路由接入点

• Install the necessary software.

  $ sudo apt-get install hostapd udhcpd

• Configure DHCP /etc/udhcpd.conf

  $ sudo nano /etc/udhcpd.conf
  
  // 将文件修为为如下内容：
  
  start 192.168.42.2 # This is the range of IPs that the hostspot will give to  client devices.
  end 192.168.42.20
  interface wlan0 # The device uDHCP listens on.
  remaining yes
  opt dns 8.8.8.8 4.2.2.2 # The DNS servers client devices will use.
  opt subnet 255.255.255.0
  opt router 192.168.42.1 # The Pi's IP address on wlan0 which we will set up shortly.
  opt lease 864000 # 10 day DHCP lease time in seconds

• Edit the file /etc/default/udhcpd and change the line:

  DHCPD_ENABLED="no"

  to

  
  #DHCPD_ENABLED="no"
  

• Configure Network

  allow-hotplug wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet static
  address 192.168.42.1
  netmask 255.255.255.0

  • Change the lines (they probably won’t all be next to each other):

    wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
    iface default inet manual

    to

    
    #wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
    
    
    #iface default inet dhcp
    

• /etc/network/interfaces like this:

  
  # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
  
  
  
  # Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
  
  
  # For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'
  
  
  
  # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
  
  source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
  
  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
  
  iface eth0 inet manual
  
  allow-hotplug wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet static
      address 192.168.52.1
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      gateway 192.168.52.1
      network 192.168.52.0
      broadcast 192.168.52.255
      dns-nameservers 192.168.52.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
  
  
  #iface wlan0 inet manual
  
  
  #   wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicantwpa_supplicant.conf
  
  
  
  #allow-hotplug wlan1
  
  
  #iface wlan1 inet manual
  
  
  #    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  
  
  up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

• Configure HostAPD. edit the file /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf (create it if it doesn’t exist) and add the following lines:

  A secure network

  interface=wlan0
  driver=nl80211
  ssid=My_AP
  hw_mode=g
  channel=6
  macaddr_acl=0
  auth_algs=1
  ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
  wpa=2
  wpa_passphrase=My_Password
  wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  
  #wpa_pairwise=TKIP  # You better do not use this weak encryption (only used by old client devices)
  
  rsn_pairwise=CCMP

  A open network

  interface=wlan0
  ssid=My_AP
  hw_mode=g
  channel=6
  auth_algs=1
  wmm_enabled=0

  If Raspberry Pi 3 add this parameters:

  ieee80211n=1          # 802.11n support
  wmm_enabled=1         # QoS support
  ht_capab=[HT40][SHORT-GI-20][DSSS_CCK-40]

• Edit the file /etc/default/hostapd and change the line:

  
  #DAEMON_CONF=""
  

  to

  DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

• Configure NAT (Network Address Translation). NAT is a technique that allows several devices to use a single connection to the internet. Linux supports NAT using Netfilter (also known as iptables) and is fairly easy to set up. First, enable IP forwarding in the kernel:

  sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"

  To set this up automatically on boot, edit the file /etc/sysctl.conf and add the following line to the bottom of the file:

  net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

  To enable NAT in the kernel, run the following commands:

  sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
  sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
  sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

  These instructions don’t give a good solution for rerouting https and for URLs referring to a page inside a domain, like www.nu.nl/38274.htm. The user will see a 404 error. Your Pi is now NAT-ing. To make this permanent so you don’t have to run the commands after each reboot, run the following command:

  sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"

  Now edit the file /etc/network/interfaces and add the following line to the bottom of the file:

  up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

• Fire it Up!

  sudo service hostapd start
  sudo service udhcpd start
  

• Your Pi should now be hosting a wireless hotspot. To get the hotspot to start on boot, run these additional commands:

  sudo update-rc.d hostapd enable
  sudo update-rc.d udhcpd enable

本文参考RPI-Wireless-Hotspot,在其基础之上网络配置部分稍作调整，在Raspberry Debian 8 上运行没有问题！