.NET下 JSON 的一些常用操作

HelloJimmy520

墨衍会员 · AI 创作全网分发码龄16年

关注

原创最新推荐文章于 2026-05-01 10:05:17 发布 1.9w 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

VB.NET中SelectToken与JSONPath的简单查询通过灵活组合 JSONPath 和JArrayJObject的操作，可以高效处理 JSON 数据的查询、修改和分析。阅读详情

1.JSON的序列化和反序列化

首先要先添加引用：

代码如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace PlayJSON
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<StuInfo> list = new List<StuInfo>() { new StuInfo{StuName="张三",StuSex="男",StuAge=11},
                                                       new StuInfo{StuName="李四",StuSex="男",StuAge=32},
                                                       new StuInfo{StuName="王翠花",StuSex="女",StuAge=64}
                                                      };
            string jsonStr = JavaScriptConvert.SerializeObject(list);  //将对象转换成json存储
            Console.WriteLine("JSON字符串"+jsonStr);
            Console.ReadLine();

            List<StuInfo> newList = new List<StuInfo>();

           newList = (List<StuInfo>)JavaScriptConvert.DeserializeObject(jsonStr,typeof(List<StuInfo>));   //反序列化

            //StuInfo s = new StuInfo() { StuName = "阿龙", StuSex = "男", StuAge = 33 };

            //string sigleJSON = JavaScriptConvert.SerializeObject(s);

           //StuInfo newS = (StuInfo)JavaScriptConvert.DeserializeObject(sigleJSON);
           //Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + newS.StuName + "---性别：" + newS.StuSex + "--年龄：" + newS.StuAge + "\n\n");


           foreach (StuInfo item in newList)
           {
               Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + item.StuName + "---性别：" + item.StuSex + "--年龄：" + item.StuAge + "\n\n");
           }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    public class StuInfo 
    {
        public string StuName { set; get; }
        public string StuSex { set; get; }
        public int StuAge { set; get; }
    }
}

2.在web中

首先添加一个一般处理文件 Handler1.ashx：用来返回一个json

/// <summary>
    /// Handler1 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    public class Handler1 : IHttpHandler
    {

        public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";

            List<StuInfo> list = new List<StuInfo>() { new StuInfo{StuName="张三",StuSex="男",StuAge=11},
                                                       new StuInfo{StuName="李四",StuSex="男",StuAge=32},
                                                       new StuInfo{StuName="王翠花",StuSex="女",StuAge=64}
                                                      };
            string jsonStr = JavaScriptConvert.SerializeObject(list);

            context.Response.Write(jsonStr);

            context.Response.End();
        }

        public bool IsReusable
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    public class StuInfo
    {
        public string StuName { set; get; }
        public string StuSex { set; get; }
        public int StuAge { set; get; }
    }

前台页面上的调用：这里采用jquery 的ajax请求

<head runat="server">
    <title>JSON</title>
    <script src="Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $("#btnOK").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "JSON",
                    url: "Handler1.ashx",
                    data: null,
                    success: function (msg) {
                        var con="";
                        for (var i = 0; i < msg.length; i++) {
                            con += "姓名：" + msg[i].StuName + "--性别：" + msg[i].StuSex + "--" + "--年龄：" + msg[i].StuAge+"<br/>";
                        }

                        $("#divContent").html("长度：" + msg.length + "--具体内容：<br/>" + con);
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
    <input type="button" id="btnOK" value="点我获得JSON数据" />
    <div id="divContent"></div>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>

现在经常会用到json,因此经常会需要对其进行序列化和反序列化。，.NET Framewok 3.5也提供了JSON对象序列化和反序列化的类，这就是System.Runtime.Serialization.Json 命名空间下的 DataContractJsonSerializer 类。利用这个类，可以实现JSON对象的序列化和反序列化。

现在我提供一个类JSON对象序列化和反序列化的类供参考用：

/// <summary>
    /// JSON帮助类。用于将对象转换为Json格式的字符串，或者将Json的字符串转化为对象。
    /// </summary>
    public static class JsonHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 将对象转化为Json字符串 
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">源类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="obj">源类型实例</param>
        /// <returns>Json字符串</returns>
        public static string GetJsonFromObj<T>(T obj)
        {
            DataContractJsonSerializer jsonSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(obj.GetType());
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                jsonSerializer.WriteObject(ms, obj);
                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将Json字符串转化为对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">目标类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="strJson">Json字符串</param>
        /// <returns>目标类型的一个实例</returns>
        public static T GetObjFromJson<T>(string strJson)
        {
            T obj = Activator.CreateInstance<T>();
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strJson)))
            {
                DataContractJsonSerializer jsonSerializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(obj.GetType());
                return (T)jsonSerializer.ReadObject(ms);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将DataTable转换为JSON字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt">数据表</param>
        /// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
        public static string GetJsonFromDataTable(DataTable dt)
        {
            StringBuilder JsonString = new StringBuilder();
            if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count > 0)
            {
                JsonString.Append("{ ");
                JsonString.Append("\"TableInfo\":[ ");
                for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    JsonString.Append("{ ");
                    for (int j = 0; j < dt.Columns.Count; j++)
                    {
                        if (j < dt.Columns.Count - 1)
                        {
                            JsonString.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToString() + "\":" + "\"" + dt.Rows[i][j].ToString() + "\",");
                        }
                        else if (j == dt.Columns.Count - 1)
                        {
                            JsonString.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToString() + "\":" + "\"" + dt.Rows[i][j].ToString() + "\"");
                        }
                    }
                    if (i == dt.Rows.Count - 1)
                    {
                        JsonString.Append("} ");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        JsonString.Append("}, ");
                    }
                }
                JsonString.Append("]}");
                return JsonString.ToString();
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将对象转化为Json字符串 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="obj">源对象</param> 
        /// <returns>json数据</returns> 
        public static string ObjToJson(this object obj)
        {
            JavaScriptSerializer serialize = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            return serialize.Serialize(obj);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将Json字符串转化为对象
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="strJson">Json字符串</param> 
        /// <returns>目标对象</returns>
        public static T JsonToObj<T>(string strJson)
        {
            JavaScriptSerializer serialize = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            return serialize.Deserialize<T>(strJson);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将对象转化为Json字符串(控制深度 )
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="obj">源对象</param> 
        /// <param name="recursionDepth">深度</param> 
        /// <returns>json数据</returns> 
        public static string ObjToJson(this object obj, int recursionDepth)
        {
            JavaScriptSerializer serialize = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            serialize.RecursionLimit = recursionDepth;
            return serialize.Serialize(obj);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将Json字符串转化为对象(控制深度 )
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="strJson">Json字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="recursionDepth">深度</param> 
        /// <returns>目标对象</returns>
        public static T JsonToObj<T>(string strJson, int recursionDepth)
        {
            JavaScriptSerializer serialize = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            serialize.RecursionLimit = recursionDepth;
            return serialize.Deserialize<T>(strJson);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将DataTable转换为JSON字符串
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="dt">DataTable</param> 
        /// <returns>json数据</returns> 
        public static string DataTableToJson(DataTable dt)
        {
            Dictionary<string, object> dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            int index = 0;
            foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
            {
                Dictionary<string, object> result = new Dictionary<string, object>();

                foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
                {
                    result.Add(dc.ColumnName, dr[dc].ToString());
                }
                dic.Add(index.ToString(), result);
                index++;
            }
            return ObjToJson(dic);
        }
    }

使用如下：

public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //反序列化成对象     
            String strJson = "{\"Name\":\"Test123\",\"Url\":\"http://www.126.com/\"}";
            Person p1 = JsonHelper.GetObjFromJson<Person>(strJson);
            Response.Write("<li>" + p1.Name + " " + p1.Url);
            Person p2 = JsonHelper.JsonToObj<Person>(strJson);
            Response.Write("<li>" + p2.Name + " " + p2.Url);
        }

        protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //对象的序列化 
            String JSONString = string.Empty;
            Person p1 = new Person();
            p1.Name = "Test123'\"\n\r\t";
            p1.Url = "http://www.126.com/";
            JSONString = JsonHelper.GetJsonFromObj<Person>(p1);
            Response.Write("<li>" + JSONString);
            JSONString = JsonHelper.ObjToJson(p1);
            Response.Write("<li>" + JSONString);
        }
    }

    /// <summary> 
    /// 类对象需要标记为DataContractAttribute 
    /// </summary> 
    [DataContractAttribute]
    class Person
    {
        //成员需要标记为 DataMember 
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { set; get; }
        [DataMember]
        public string Url { set; get; }
    }

Json.NET json字符串反序列化为json对象

如何将一个字符串转换为JSON对象呢？如果先创建一个类的话，那就太累了。

var o = new
{
   a = 1,
   b = "Hello, World!",
   c = new[] { 1, 2, 3 },
   d = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "x", 1 }, { "y", 2 } }
};

var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(o);

现在json是一个字符串。

第一种做法（匿名类）：

var anonymous = new { a = 0, b = String.Empty, c = new int[0], d = new Dictionary<string, int>() };
var o2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json, anonymous);

Console.WriteLine(o2.b);
Console.WriteLine(o2.c[1]);

第二种做法（匿名类）：

var o3 = JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(json, new { c = new int[0], d = new Dictionary<string, int>() });

Console.WriteLine(o3.d["y"]);

DeserializeAnonymousType 只是借助这个匿名对象参数(anonymous) 反射类型而已，也就是说它和反序列化结果并非同一个对象。正如 o3 那样，我们也可以只提取局部信息。

第三种做法（索引器）：

实际上，我们也可以直接反序列化为 JObject，然后通过索引器直接访问。JObject、JProperty 等都继承自 JToken，它重载了基元类型转换操作符，我们可以直接得到实际结果。
var o2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(json) as JObject;

Console.WriteLine((int)o2["a"]);
Console.WriteLine((string)o2["b"]);
Console.WriteLine(o2["c"].Values().Count());
Console.WriteLine((int)o2["d"]["y"]);