hdu2807---The Shortest Path

The Shortest Path

Time Limit: 4000/2000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 2552    Accepted Submission(s): 807


Problem Description
There are N cities in the country. Each city is represent by a matrix size of M*M. If city A, B and C satisfy that A*B = C, we say that there is a road from A to C with distance 1 (but that does not means there is a road from C to A).
Now the king of the country wants to ask me some problems, in the format:
Is there is a road from city X to Y?
I have to answer the questions quickly, can you help me?
 

Input
Each test case contains a single integer N, M, indicating the number of cities in the country and the size of each city. The next following N blocks each block stands for a matrix size of M*M. Then a integer K means the number of questions the king will ask, the following K lines each contains two integers X, Y(1-based).The input is terminated by a set starting with N = M = 0. All integers are in the range [0, 80].
 

Output
For each test case, you should output one line for each question the king asked, if there is a road from city X to Y? Output the shortest distance from X to Y. If not, output "Sorry".
 

Sample Input
  
3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 1 3 0 0
 

Sample Output
  
1 Sorry
 

Source
 

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暴力模拟矩阵运算然后floyd

/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: hdu2807.cpp
    > Author: ALex
    > Mail: 405045132@qq.com 
    > Created Time: 2015年01月03日 星期六 12时13分36秒
 ************************************************************************/

#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int N = 85;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;

int dp[N][N];
int n, m;
struct martix
{
	int	mat[N][N];
	void clear()
	{
		memset (mat, 0, sizeof(mat));
	}
}city[N][N], node[N];

void floyd()
{
	for (int k = 1; k <= n; ++k)
	{
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
			{
				dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], dp[i][k] + dp[k][j]);
			}
		}
	}
}

void martix_mutiply(int a, int b)
{
	city[a][b].clear();
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
	{
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 1; k <= m; ++k)
			{
				city[a][b].mat[i][j] += node[a].mat[i][k] * node[b].mat[k][j];
			}
		}
	}
}

bool is_same(int a, int b, int c)
{
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
	{
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
		{
			if (city[a][b].mat[i][j] != node[c].mat[i][j])
			{
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

int main()
{
	while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m))
	{
		if (!n && !m)
		{
			break;
		}
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
			{
				for (int k = 1; k <= m; ++k)
				{
					scanf("%d", &node[i].mat[j][k]);
				}
			}
		}
		memset (dp, inf, sizeof(dp));
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		{
			dp[i][i] = 0;
		}
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
			{
				if (i != j)
				{
					martix_mutiply(i, j);
				}
			}
		}
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
			{
				if (i == j)
				{
					continue;
				}
				for (int k = 1; k <= n; ++k)
				{
					if (i == k || j == k)
					{
						continue;
					}
					if (is_same(i, j, k))
					{
						dp[i][k] = 1;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		floyd();
		int q;
		scanf("%d", &q);
		while (q--)
		{
			int x, y;
			scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
			if (dp[x][y] == inf)
			{
				printf("Sorry\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf("%d\n", dp[x][y]);
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}


### HDU 1682 Problem Explanation and Solution HDU 1682 is titled "Find a way". This problem involves finding the shortest path in a grid with specific constraints. The grid contains obstacles, and the task is to determine the minimum number of steps required to reach the destination from the starting point while avoiding obstacles[^5]. #### Problem Description The input consists of multiple test cases. Each test case includes: - A grid size `N x M`. - A grid where each cell is either empty (denoted by '.') or blocked (denoted by '#'). - The starting position `(x1, y1)` and the destination position `(x2, y2)`. The goal is to find the shortest path from the start to the destination, moving only up, down, left, or right, and avoiding blocked cells. #### Approach This problem can be solved using **Breadth-First Search (BFS)**, which is ideal for finding the shortest path in an unweighted graph. BFS ensures that the first time a node is visited, it is reached via the shortest possible path from the source. Here is a step-by-step explanation of the algorithm: - Represent the grid as a 2D array. - Use a queue to store the current position and the number of steps taken to reach it. - Mark visited cells to avoid revisiting them. - Expand the search in all four directions (up, down, left, right) at each step. - If the destination is reached, output the number of steps. Otherwise, if no path exists, output -1. #### Implementation Below is a Python implementation of the solution: ```python from collections import deque def solve(): T = int(input()) # Number of test cases results = [] for _ in range(T): N, M = map(int, input().split()) # Grid dimensions grid = [input().strip() for _ in range(N)] x1, y1, x2, y2 = map(int, input().split()) # Start and end positions # Adjust for zero-based indexing x1 -= 1; y1 -= 1; x2 -= 1; y2 -= 1 # BFS Initialization queue = deque([(x1, y1, 0)]) # (current_x, current_y, steps) visited = [[False] * M for _ in range(N)] visited[x1][y1] = True # Directions: up, down, left, right directions = [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)] found = False while queue: cx, cy, steps = queue.popleft() if cx == x2 and cy == y2: results.append(steps) found = True break for dx, dy in directions: nx, ny = cx + dx, cy + dy if 0 <= nx < N and 0 <= ny < M and not visited[nx][ny] and grid[nx][ny] == '.': visited[nx][ny] = True queue.append((nx, ny, steps + 1)) if not found: results.append(-1) for result in results: print(result) # Example Input/Output # Input: # 1 # 3 3 # ... # .## # ... # 1 1 3 3 # Output: # 4 ``` #### Key Points - BFS guarantees the shortest path in an unweighted grid. - Visited cells are marked to prevent cycles and redundant computations. - The algorithm terminates early if the destination is reached.
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