Python 请求库:request和httpx的区别

Requests 和 HTTPX 都是 Python 中广泛使用的 HTTP 客户端库，但它们在设计理念、功能和性能上存在显著差异。以下是两者的详细对比：

具体功能对比：

1、 同步请求（基础用法）

Requests:

# request实现流式请求输出stream=True
import requests
request_data = {"request_id":"e8b75756659a4ad2a2677e28b620f965","current_time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00","deviceId":"","user_id":"991"}
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
url = 'http://test.csdn.com/api/csdn/data-agent'
#responses = requests.request("POST", url=url, headers=headers, json=request_data,stream=True)
#for response in responses.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):
#    print(response)
# 连接管理：用 with 语句确保资源释放;
# 流式请求可能长时间阻塞，需设置 timeout 参数
with requests.request("POST",url=url,headers=headers,json=request_data,stream=True,timeout=30) as responses:
    for response in responses.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):
        print(response)

HTTPX:

import httpx
request_data = {"request_id":"e8b75756659a4ad2a2677e28b620f965","current_time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00","deviceId":"","user_id":"991"}
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
url = 'http://test.csdn.com/api/csdn/data-agent'
with httpx.Client() as client:
        with client.stream(
            method="POST",
            url=url,
            headers=headers,
            json=request_data
        ) as response:
            if response.status_code == 200:
                for chunk in response.iter_lines():
                    if chunk:
                        print(chunk)
            else:
                print(f"Error: {response.status_code}, {response.text}")

2、异步支持（关键差异）

Requests:
不支持原生异步，需要配合线程池：

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
    future = executor.submit(requests.get, 'https://api.example.com/data')
    response = future.result()

HTTPX:
原生支持 async/await：

import httpx
import asyncio

async def fetch_data():
    async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
        response = await client.get('https://api.example.com/data')
        return response.json()

asyncio.run(fetch_data())