Linux 实用操作汇总（二）

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一起养成写作习惯！这是我参与「掘金日新计划 · 4 月更文挑战」的第17天，点击查看活动详情。

Linux 一些实用的操作，纯属工程实践记录，非喜勿喷。

升级Cmake

In the new version of cmake (ex: 3.9.6), to install, download tar file from https://cmake.org/download/. Extract the downloaded tar file and then:

cd $CMAKE_DOWNLOAD_PATH ./configure make sudo make install 也许在配置过程中需要安装 openssl 的编译依赖 sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

也许在安装使用cmake会出现以下问题： pl@honorstone:/usr/local/bin$ cmake --version CMake Error: Could not find CMAKE_ROOT !!! CMake has most likely not been installed correctly. Modules directory not found in /usr/local/share/cmake-3.16 cmake version 3.16.3 缓存问题而已，清空缓存即可。 hash -r

升级gcc

compiler_support

We currently have no info of when we'll see an APT release of GCC 11.1. Below, I show the step-by-step build instructions that you can hopefully follow along:

You can visit https://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html, choose the closest mirror to you, download the source for gcc-11.1.0.tar.gz

Then, make sure to have your build system installed:

sudo apt install gcc g++ make bison binutils gcc-multilib

Yes, you need gcc to build gcc.

Then, unpack the tarball:

cd Downloads # replace with your download location tar -xzvf gcc-11.1.0.tar.gz cd gcc-11.1.0

The last thing is to actually build it:

mkdir build cd build ../configure --enable-multilib && make && sudo make install

That's all! You now have GCC 11.1 installed in Ubuntu.

Maybe miss GMP, MPFR, and MPC,you can solve by

Inside the gcc directory, do this command:

./contrib/download_prerequisites

After that script, GMP, MPFR, and MPC will be ready to use. Continue with ./configure.

remove executable permissions

We could have achieved the same thing without the “a” in the “a+x” statement. The following command would have worked just as well chmod +x <your file name> We can add the execute permission for everyone with the following command:

chmod a+x new_script.sh

what about removing executable permissions? chmod -R a-x <your file name> We want the user dave to have read and write permissions and the group and other users to have read permissions only. We can do using the following command: chmod u=rw,og=r new_file.txt Let’s say we want to remove the read permissions for the “other” users from files that have a “.page” extension. We can do this with the following command: chmod o-r *.page