[deeplearning.ai]2_Improving Deep Neural Networks——Regularization

1 - L2 Regularization

# GRADED FUNCTION: compute_cost_with_regularization

def compute_cost_with_regularization(A3, Y, parameters, lambd):
    m = Y.shape[1]
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    W3 = parameters["W3"]
    
    cross_entropy_cost = compute_cost(A3, Y) # This gives you the cross-entropy part of the cost
    
    L2_regularization_cost = 1/m * lambd/2 * (np.sum(np.square(W1))+np.sum(np.square(W2))+np.sum(np.square(W3)))
    
    cost = cross_entropy_cost + L2_regularization_cost
    
    return cost

# GRADED FUNCTION: backward_propagation_with_regularization

def backward_propagation_with_regularization(X, Y, cache, lambd):
   
    m = X.shape[1]
    (Z1, A1, W1, b1, Z2, A2, W2, b2, Z3, A3, W3, b3) = cache
    
    dZ3 = A3 - Y
    
    dW3 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ3, A2.T) + lambd/m * W3
    db3 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ3, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    dA2 = np.dot(W3.T, dZ3)
    dZ2 = np.multiply(dA2, np.int64(A2 > 0))
    dW2 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ2, A1.T) + lambd/m * W2
    db2 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ2, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    dA1 = np.dot(W2.T, dZ2)
    dZ1 = np.multiply(dA1, np.int64(A1 > 0))
    dW1 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ1, X.T) + lambd/m * W1
    db1 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ1, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    gradients = {"dZ3": dZ3, "dW3": dW3, "db3": db3,"dA2": dA2,
                 "dZ2": dZ2, "dW2": dW2, "db2": db2, "dA1": dA1, 
                 "dZ1": dZ1, "dW1": dW1, "db1": db1}
    
    return gradients

2 - Dropout

2.1 - Forward propagation with dropout

# GRADED FUNCTION: forward_propagation_with_dropout

def forward_propagation_with_dropout(X, parameters, keep_prob = 0.5):
   
    np.random.seed(1)
    
    # retrieve parameters
    W1 = parameters["W1"]
    b1 = parameters["b1"]
    W2 = parameters["W2"]
    b2 = parameters["b2"]
    W3 = parameters["W3"]
    b3 = parameters["b3"]
    
    # LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SIGMOID
    Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = relu(Z1)
    # Steps 1-4 below correspond to the Steps 1-4 described above. 
    D1 = np.random.rand(A1.shape[0], A1.shape[1])                                         # Step 1: initialize matrix D1 = np.random.rand(..., ...)
    D1 = D1 < keep_prob                                          # Step 2: convert entries of D1 to 0 or 1 (using keep_prob as the threshold)
    A1 = np.multiply(D1, A1)                                         # Step 3: shut down some neurons of A1
    A1 = A1 / keep_prob                                         # Step 4: scale the value of neurons that haven't been shut down
    
    Z2 = np.dot(W2, A1) + b2
    A2 = relu(Z2)
    
    D2 = np.random.rand(A2.shape[0], A2.shape[1])     # Step 1: initialize matrix D2 = np.random.rand(..., ...)
    D2 = D2 < keep_prob                                                # Step 2: convert entries of D2 to 0 or 1 (using keep_prob as the threshold)
    A2 = np.multiply(D2, A2)                                           # Step 3: shut down some neurons of A2
    A2 = A2 / keep_prob                                                # Step 4: scale the value of neurons that haven't been shut down
    
    Z3 = np.dot(W3, A2) + b3
    A3 = sigmoid(Z3)
    
    cache = (Z1, D1, A1, W1, b1, Z2, D2, A2, W2, b2, Z3, A3, W3, b3)
    
    return A3, cache

2.2 - Backward propagation with dropout

# GRADED FUNCTION: backward_propagation_with_dropout

def backward_propagation_with_dropout(X, Y, cache, keep_prob):
    
    m = X.shape[1]
    (Z1, D1, A1, W1, b1, Z2, D2, A2, W2, b2, Z3, A3, W3, b3) = cache
    
    dZ3 = A3 - Y
    dW3 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ3, A2.T)
    db3 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ3, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    dA2 = np.dot(W3.T, dZ3)
    
    dA2 = np.multiply(dA2, D2)              # Step 1: Apply mask D2 to shut down the same neurons as during the forward propagation
    dA2 = dA2 / keep_prob              # Step 2: Scale the value of neurons that haven't been shut down
    
    dZ2 = np.multiply(dA2, np.int64(A2 > 0))
    dW2 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ2, A1.T)
    db2 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ2, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    dA1 = np.dot(W2.T, dZ2)
    
    dA1 = np.multiply(dA1, D1)              # Step 1: Apply mask D1 to shut down the same neurons as during the forward propagation
    dA1 = dA1 / keep_prob              # Step 2: Scale the value of neurons that haven't been shut down
    
    dZ1 = np.multiply(dA1, np.int64(A1 > 0))
    dW1 = 1./m * np.dot(dZ1, X.T)
    db1 = 1./m * np.sum(dZ1, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    gradients = {"dZ3": dZ3, "dW3": dW3, "db3": db3,"dA2": dA2,
                 "dZ2": dZ2, "dW2": dW2, "db2": db2, "dA1": dA1, 
                 "dZ1": dZ1, "dW1": dW1, "db1": db1}
    
    return gradients