HarmonyOS：使用TableLayout实现Android开发中的GridView

  Android开发中GridView是一种网格布局的控件，其效果如下：

  具体实现请参考：Android自定义较为精美的GridView

1 实现效果

  鸿蒙开发中没有类似于GridView的控件，只有一种网格布局方式TableLayout，因此我们可以利用TableLayout来实现类似的效果。效果如下：

2 实现步骤

2.1 布局文件

  通过观察上图我们可以知道，每一个小的按钮都是一张图下跟着一行文字，因此布局文件中我们采用DirectionalLayout，每一个垂直布局的DirectionalLayout包裹着一个Image和一个Text。布局文件代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:background_element="#DDDDDD"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:id="$+id:banner_d"
        ohos:height="match_parent"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:orientation="vertical">
        
        <com.youth.banner.Banner
            ohos:id="$+id:banner"
            ohos:height="195vp"
            ohos:width="match_parent">
        </com.youth.banner.Banner>

        <DirectionalLayout
            ohos:id="$+id:info"
            ohos:height="20vp"
            ohos:width="match_parent"
            ohos:top_margin="4vp"
            ohos:background_element="#F7F7F7"
            ohos:orientation="horizontal">

            <Text
                ohos:height="match_parent"
                ohos:width="match_parent"
                ohos:left_margin="10vp"
                ohos:text="个人教务"
                ohos:text_color="#000000"
                ohos:text_size="16fp">
            </Text>

        </DirectionalLayout>

        <TableLayout
            ohos:id="$+id:table1"
            ohos:height="200vp"
            ohos:top_margin="4vp"
            ohos:width="match_parent"
            ohos:column_count="4"
            ohos:row_count="2"
            ohos:padding="8vp"
            ohos:orientation="horizontal"
            ohos:background_element="#F7F7F7">

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_1"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_mark"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_1"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="成绩查询"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_2"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_timetable"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_2"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="课表查询"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_3"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_exam"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_3"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="考试安排"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_4"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_credit"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_4"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="GPA"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_5"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_cult"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_5"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="培养方案"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_6"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:grade_total_1"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_6"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="成绩总表"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_7"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_zc"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_7"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="综合测评"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>


        </TableLayout>

        <DirectionalLayout
            ohos:height="20vp"
            ohos:width="match_parent"
            ohos:top_margin="4vp"
            ohos:background_element="#F7F7F7"
            ohos:orientation="horizontal">

            <Text
                ohos:height="match_parent"
                ohos:width="match_parent"
                ohos:left_margin="10vp"
                ohos:text="数据可视化"
                ohos:text_color="#000000"
                ohos:text_size="16fp">
            </Text>

        </DirectionalLayout>

        <TableLayout
            ohos:height="200vp"
            ohos:top_margin="4vp"
            ohos:width="match_parent"
            ohos:orientation="horizontal"
            ohos:padding="8vp"
            ohos:column_count="4"
            ohos:row_count="2"
            ohos:background_element="#F7F7F7">

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_8"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:grade_rate"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_8"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="成绩占比"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_9"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:grade_pk"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_9"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="成绩比较"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_10"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:grade_tend"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_10"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="GPA走势"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_11"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:single_major_2"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_11"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="单科分析"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_12"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:major_sort"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_12"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="专业排名"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_13"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:grade_loss"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_13"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="挂科分析"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_14"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:query_single_sort"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_14"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="单科排名"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

            <DirectionalLayout
                ohos:width="match_content"
                ohos:height="match_content"
                ohos:alignment="center"
                ohos:orientation="vertical"
                ohos:padding="0vp">

                <Image
                    ohos:id="$+id:iv_grid_15"
                    ohos:width="85vp"
                    ohos:height="68vp"
                    ohos:image_src="$media:radar"/>

                <Text
                    ohos:id="$+id:tv_grid_15"
                    ohos:width="match_content"
                    ohos:height="20vp"
                    ohos:top_margin="3vp"
                    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
                    ohos:text_size="14fp"
                    ohos:text="个人分析"/>
            </DirectionalLayout>

        </TableLayout>

    </DirectionalLayout>

</DirectionalLayout>

  其中，TableLayout的属性信息如下所示：

<TableLayout
    ohos:id="$+id:table1"
    ohos:height="200vp"
    ohos:top_margin="4vp"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:column_count="4"
    ohos:row_count="2"
    ohos:padding="8vp"
    ohos:orientation="horizontal"
    ohos:background_element="#F7F7F7">
</TableLayout>

  column_count和row_count分别表示列数和行数，本例中是2行4列。padding="8vp"表示布局内两个小的格子间的间隔为8vp。orientation是一个极其重要的属性，orientation="horizontal"表示横向布局，也就是TableLaout中包裹的东西会优先布满第一行，然后是第二行。

2.2 Ability文件

package com.example.ncepu.Student.Query;

import com.example.ncepu.ResourceTable;
import com.example.ncepu.Student.Query.slice.QueryFragmentSlice;
import com.youth.banner.loader.ImageLoader;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import com.youth.banner.Banner;
import com.youth.banner.listener.OnBannerListener;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.global.resource.NotExistException;
import ohos.global.resource.WrongTypeException;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class QueryFragment extends Ability {

    private Banner banner;
    private List<Integer> list;
    private List<String> titles;
    private TableLayout layout1, layout2;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(QueryFragmentSlice.class.getName());
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_query_fragment);
        initViews();
        try {
            initBanner();
        } catch (NotExistException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (WrongTypeException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void initViews() {
        layout1 = (TableLayout) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_table1);
        layout1.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                switch (component.getId()) {
                    case ResourceTable.Id_iv_grid_1:
                        break;
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void initBanner() throws NotExistException, WrongTypeException, IOException {
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        titles = new ArrayList<>();
        banner = (Banner) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_banner);
//        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_1);
        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_2);
        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_3);
        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_4);
        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_5);
        list.add(ResourceTable.Media_ncepu_6);
        for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            titles.add(String.valueOf(i));
        }
        //设置参数
        banner.setImages(list)
                .setBannerTitles(titles)
                .setDelayTime(3000)
                .setBannerStyle(5)
                .setTitleTextSize(60);
        banner.start();
    }
}