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Spring教程 - Spring介绍

Spring is a framework for building Java applications. We can use Spring to build any application in Java, for example, stand-alone, web, or Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) applications).

Spring's philosophy is minimal impact.

Spring is lightweight in the sense that we have to make few, if any, changes to your application code to gain the benefits of the Spring core.

Spring是用于构建Java应用程序的框架。我们可以使用Spring来构建Java中的任何应用程序，例如独立的，Web或Java Enterprise Edition（JEE）应用程序）。

Spring的理念是影响最小。

从某种意义上来说，Spring是轻量级的，我们必须对您的应用程序代码进行很少（如果有的话）更改，以获得Spring核心的好处。

Inverting Control or Injecting Dependencies

The core of the Spring Framework is based on the principle of Inversion of Control (IoC).

IoC is a technique that externalizes the creation and management of component dependencies.

Spring's Injecting Dependencies implementation is based on two core Java concepts:

JavaBeans

interfaces

The benefits of using DI rather than a more traditional approach:

Reduce glue code

Simplified application configuration

Manage common dependencies in a single repository

Improve testability

Promote good application design

控制反转或依赖注入

Spring框架的核心基于控制反转（IoC）原理。

IoC是一种将组件依赖关系的创建和管理外部化的技术。

Spring的Injecting Dependencies实现基于两个核心Java概念：

* JavaBeans

* 接口

使用DI比起更传统的方法的好处：

* 减少胶水代码

* 简化的应用程序配置

* 在单个存储库中管理常见依赖项

* 提高可测试性

* 促进良好的应用程序设计

Spring Features

Spring 特性

Spring offers many modules, features and functions.

Aspect-Oriented Programming with Spring. AOP provides the ability to implement crosscutting logic, which applies to many parts of your application, in a single place.

Spring Expression Language. Expression Language (EL) allows us to manipulate Java objects at runtime.

Validation in Spring. Spring provides a built-in validation API by way of the Validator interface.

Accessing Data in Spring. Spring provides integration with a choice selection of these data access tools. In addition, Spring makes plain vanilla JDBC a viable option for many projects, with its simplified wrapper APIs around the standard API. Spring's data access module provides out-of-the-box support for JDBC, Hibernate, JDO, and the JPA.

Object/XML Mapping in Spring. Spring supports many common Java-to-XML mapping frameworks and, as usual, eliminates the need for directly coupling to any specific implementation.

Managing Transactions. Spring provides an abstraction layer for transaction management, allowing for programmatic and declarative transaction control.

Simplifying and Integrating with JEE

MVC in the Web Tier

WebSocket Support

Remoting Support

Mail Support

Job Scheduling Support

Dynamic Scripting Support

Simplified Exception Handling