CodeForce 584D Dima and Lisa(哥德巴赫猜想)

本文介绍了解决奇数n拆分为1个、2个或3个素数之和的问题,通过判断n本身是否为素数、(n-2)是否为素数以及利用哥德巴赫猜想来解决,并提供了具体的实现代码。

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http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/584/D

题意:
将奇数n拆成1个,2个或者3个素数的和。

解题思路:

  • 如果n本身就是素数的话,就直接输出本身
  • 如果(n-2)是素数,直接输出 2和n-2
  • 分解成三个素数的时候比较复杂。首先我们知道哥德巴赫猜想—一个大于3的偶数可以拆成两个素数的和,由于题目中已经给了n是奇数,而且除了2以外所有的素数都是奇数,所以我们找小于(n-3)的最大的素数为tmp,那么我们接下来的工作只需要将偶数(n - tmp)分解成两个素数的和就行了。
    分解(n-tmp)的时候我是筛了100W以内的素数,毕竟时间为1S,我就只筛了一部分,然后其他的数用O(根号n)的方法直接判。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;

bool isprime(int n)
{
    if(n==1) return false;
    for(int i=2;i<=sqrt(n);i++)
    {
        if(n%i==0)
           return false;
    }   
    return true;
}


const int maxn = 1000000;
int primes[maxn];
bool isprimes[maxn];
void solve(int x)
{
    memset(isprimes,true,sizeof(isprimes));
    isprimes[0] = isprimes[1] = false;

    int t = 0;
    for(int i=2;i<=maxn;i++)
    {
        if (isprimes[i]) primes[t++] = i;
        for (int j=0; j<t; ++j)
        {
            if (i * primes[j] >= maxn) break;   
            isprimes[i * primes[j]] = false;
            if (i % primes[j] == 0) break;  
        }    
    }

    for(int i=0;i<t;i++)
    {
        if(x-primes[i]>=2 && isprime(x-primes[i]))
        {
            printf(" %d %d\n",primes[i],x-primes[i]);
            break;
        }
    }
    return;
}


int main()
{
    int n;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        if(isprime(n))
            printf("1\n%d\n",n);
        else 
        {
            if(isprime(n-2))
                printf("2\n2 %d\n",n-2);
            else
            {
                printf("3\n");
                int tmp = n-4;
                while(!isprime(tmp)) tmp--;
                printf("%d",tmp);
                solve(n-tmp);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
### Codeforces Problem or Contest 998 Information For the specific details on Codeforces problem or contest numbered 998, direct references were not provided within the available citations. However, based on similar structures observed in other contests such as those described where configurations often include constraints like `n` representing numbers of elements with defined ranges[^1], it can be inferred that contest or problem 998 would follow a comparable format. Typically, each Codeforces contest includes several problems labeled from A to F or beyond depending on the round size. Each problem comes with its own set of rules, input/output formats, and constraint descriptions. For instance, some problems specify conditions involving integer inputs for calculations or logical deductions, while others might involve more complex algorithms or data processing tasks[^3]. To find detailed information regarding contest or problem 998 specifically: - Visit the official Codeforces website. - Navigate through past contests until reaching contest 998. - Review individual problem statements under this contest for precise requirements and examples. Additionally, competitive programming platforms usually provide comprehensive documentation alongside community discussions which serve valuable resources when exploring particular challenges or learning algorithmic solutions[^2]. ```cpp // Example C++ code snippet demonstrating how contestants interact with input/output during competitions #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cin >> n; // Process according to problem statement specifics } ```
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