CodeForces 165E Compatible Numbers (dp)

本文介绍了一种通过动态规划的方法来解决一类特殊的位运算问题,即寻找数组中某个元素与其它任一元素进行按位与操作结果为0的情况。文章详细阐述了算法的设计思路,并给出了完整的C++代码实现。

题意:给你n个数,让你找到一个任意a[j]使得 a[j] & a[i] == 0,不存在输出-1。


思路:我们可以知道a[i]&(M^a[i])一定为0,(M为二进制全为1),当然a[i]不仅仅只和M^a[i]与运算后为0,M^a[i]的二进制中还有许多位为1,那么这些变为0,也是可以作为答案的。所以可以dp递推处理,见代码。


代码:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e7+5;
int n, dp[maxn], a[maxn];

int main(void)
{
    while(cin >> n)
    {
        memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
        int M = (1<<23)-1;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d", &a[i]);
            dp[M^a[i]] = a[i];
        }
        for(int i = M; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if(!dp[i])
            {
                for(int j = 0; j < 23; j++)
                {
                    if(dp[i|(1<<j)])
                        dp[i] = dp[i|(1<<j)];
                }
            }
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            if(dp[a[i]]) printf("%d", dp[a[i]]);
            else printf("-1");
            if(i == n) puts("");
            else printf(" ");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}


### Codeforces 887E Problem Solution and Discussion The problem **887E - The Great Game** on Codeforces involves a strategic game between two players who take turns to perform operations under specific rules. To tackle this challenge effectively, understanding both dynamic programming (DP) techniques and bitwise manipulation is crucial. #### Dynamic Programming Approach One effective method to approach this problem utilizes DP with memoization. By defining `dp[i][j]` as the optimal result when starting from state `(i,j)` where `i` represents current position and `j` indicates some status flag related to previous moves: ```cpp #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int MAXN = ...; // Define based on constraints int dp[MAXN][2]; // Function to calculate minimum steps using top-down DP int minSteps(int pos, bool prevMoveType) { if (pos >= N) return 0; if (dp[pos][prevMoveType] != -1) return dp[pos][prevMoveType]; int res = INT_MAX; // Try all possible next positions and update 'res' for (...) { /* Logic here */ } dp[pos][prevMoveType] = res; return res; } ``` This code snippet outlines how one might structure a solution involving recursive calls combined with caching results through an array named `dp`. #### Bitwise Operations Insight Another critical aspect lies within efficiently handling large integers via bitwise operators instead of arithmetic ones whenever applicable. This optimization can significantly reduce computation time especially given tight limits often found in competitive coding challenges like those hosted by platforms such as Codeforces[^1]. For detailed discussions about similar problems or more insights into solving strategies specifically tailored towards contest preparation, visiting forums dedicated to algorithmic contests would be beneficial. Websites associated directly with Codeforces offer rich resources including editorials written after each round which provide comprehensive explanations alongside alternative approaches taken by successful contestants during live events. --related questions-- 1. What are common pitfalls encountered while implementing dynamic programming solutions? 2. How does bit manipulation improve performance in algorithms dealing with integer values? 3. Can you recommend any online communities focused on discussing competitive programming tactics? 4. Are there particular patterns that frequently appear across different levels of difficulty within Codeforces contests?
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