rabbitmq保证消息投递成功的对比分析

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-01-12 09:28:16 发布 216 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

RabbitMQ（三）-消息可靠性投递在中，通过工作原理图，我们了解到一个消息从产生到投递成功要经过的几个环节。同样，保证这几个环节的成功执行也是保证消息可靠投递的重要因素。阅读详情

pom.xml

引入rabbitmq所需jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>fun.gosuncn</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>5.10.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

RabbitmqUtils

设置连接信息，获取连接工厂。

import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class RabbitmqUtils {
    public static ConnectionFactory getConnectionFactory() {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("10.0.8.6");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        return factory;
    }
}

Receiver

作为消费者不断的监听队列，消费消息。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Receiver {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitmqUtils.getConnectionFactory();
        try {
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueDeclare("direct-queue", false, false, false, null);
            channel.basicConsume("direct-queue", true, (consumerTag, message) -> {
                System.out.println("DeliverCallback's consumerTag is {" + consumerTag + "}");
                System.out.println("消费消息的内容 = " + new String(message.getBody()));
            }, consumerTag -> System.out.println("CancelCallback's consumerTag is {" + consumerTag + "}"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

第一种方式 - 事务方式

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitmqUtils.getConnectionFactory();
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            connection = factory.newConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueDeclare("direct-queue", false, false, false, null);
            channel.txSelect();
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world".getBytes());
            //int i = 1 / 0;
            channel.txCommit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (channel != null) {
                try {
                    channel.txRollback();
                    // TODO 事务回滚 逻辑 [再次发送、存库操作等]
                    System.out.println("事务回滚 逻辑 [再次发送、存库操作等]");
                } catch (IOException ioException) {
                    ioException.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (channel != null) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

开启事务channel.txSelect();。

执行channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world".getBytes());消息的投递。

使用int i = 1 / 0;模拟上一步消息的投递过程发生了IO异常，此时将不会执行channel.txCommit();操作。

而是进入channel.txRollback();代码块，进行事务回滚逻辑操作。

假如，没有发生任何异常，将会执行channel.txCommit();操作。

以上过程是如何确认消息的投递成功的呢？

首先，客户端开启了事务，客户端将消息投递给服务器，假如投递过程中因网络等原因发生了IOException，那么将会进入channel.txRollback();逻辑；假如投递到服务器了，后续的逻辑发生异常，进入channel.txRollback();依然是属于投递失败，消费者是消费不到消息的。

因此，事务的方式可以处理消息发送失败后的解决方案，以确保对消息的完全掌控。

第二种方式 - 同步confirm方式

package fun.gosuncn.test1;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitmqUtils.getConnectionFactory();
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            connection = factory.newConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueDeclare("direct-queue", false, false, false, null);
            channel.confirmSelect();
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world".getBytes());
            //int i = 1 / 0;
            if (channel.waitForConfirms()) {
                System.out.println("消息已经确认投递成功");
                Thread.sleep(3000L);
            }
            System.out.println("验证waitForConfirms是阻塞方法");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (channel != null) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

通过channel.confirmSelect();开启confirm模式。

而channel.waitForConfirms()的作用是，阻塞程序，等待确认结果的返回，进行逻辑操作。

假如channel.basicPublish与channel.waitForConfirms()之间出现了任何异常错误，消息是有可能投递成功的。

第三种方式 - 同步confirm方式（批量）

package fun.gosuncn.test1;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Sender {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitmqUtils.getConnectionFactory();
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            connection = factory.newConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueDeclare("direct-queue", false, false, false, null);
            channel.confirmSelect();
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world1".getBytes());
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world2".getBytes());
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world3".getBytes());
            if (channel.waitForConfirms()) {
                System.out.println("消息已经确认投递成功");
                Thread.sleep(3000L);
            }
            System.out.println("验证waitForConfirms是阻塞方法");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (channel != null) {
                try {
                    channel.close();
                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

其实，批量确认和串行确认的区别就是，批量确认是执行多个basicPublish后，执行一次waitForConfirms即可。

第四种方式 - 异步confirm方式

package fun.gosuncn.test1;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConfirmListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Sender {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitmqUtils.getConnectionFactory();
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            connection = factory.newConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.queueDeclare("direct-queue", false, false, false, null);
            channel.confirmSelect();
            channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
                public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println("ack:deliveryTag:" + deliveryTag + "，multiple:" + multiple);
                }

                public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println("nack:deliveryTag:" + deliveryTag + "，multiple:" + multiple);
                }
            });
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world1".getBytes());
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world2".getBytes());
            channel.basicPublish("", "direct-queue", null, "hello world3".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
//        finally {
//            if (channel != null) {
//                try {
//                    channel.close();
//                } catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();
//                }
//            }
//            if (connection != null) {
//                try {
//                    connection.close();
//                } catch (IOException e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();
//                }
//            }
//        }
    }
}