AF_INET address family

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-06 17:37:52 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2021-12-06 17:37:52 发布 · 3.7k 阅读

文章标签：

#structure #socket #internet #struct #sockets #application

本文详细介绍了AF_INET地址族的概念及应用，包括基于IPv4的socket应用程序如何使用AF_INET地址结构进行通信。文中对比了BSD4.3和BSD4.4/UNIX98规格下sockaddr_in地址结构的不同，并解释了各个字段的作用。

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This address family provides Inter Process Communications between processes that run on the same system or on different systems. Addresses for AF_INET sockets are IP addresses and port number. You can specify an IP address for an AF_INET socket either as an IP address, such as 130.99.128.1, or in its 32–bit form, X'82638001'.

For a socket application that uses the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), the AF_INET address family uses the sockaddr_in address structure. When you use _XOPEN_SOURCE macro, the AF_INET address structure changes to be compatible with BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 specifications. For the sockaddr_in address structure, these differences are summarized in the table:

Table 4. Differences between BSD 4.3 and BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 for sockaddr_in address structure
BSD 4.3 sockaddr_in address structure	BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 sockaddr_in address structure
struct sockaddr_in { short sin_family; u_short sin_port; struct in_addr sin_addr; char sin_zero[8]; };	struct sockaddr_in { uint8_t sin_len; sa_family_t sin_family; u_short sin_port; struct in_addr sin_addr; char sin_zero[8]; };

Table 4. Differences between BSD 4.3 and BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 for sockaddr_in address structure

BSD 4.3 sockaddr_in address structure

BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 sockaddr_in address structure

struct sockaddr_in {

  short          sin_family;

  u_short        sin_port;

  struct in_addr sin_addr;

  char           sin_zero[8];

};

struct sockaddr_in {

  uint8_t         sin_len;

  sa_family_t     sin_family;

  u_short         sin_port;

  struct in_addr  sin_addr;

  char            sin_zero[8];

};

Table 5. AF_INET address structure
Address structure field	Definition
sin_len	This field contains the length of the address for UNIX® 98 specifications. Note: The: sin_len field is only provided for BSD 4.4 compatibility. It is not necessary to use this field even when using BSD 4.4/UNIX 98 compatibility. The field is ignored on input addresses.
sin_family	This field contains the address family, which is always AF_INET when TCP or UDP is used.
sin_port	This field contains the port number.
sin_addr	This field contains the Internet address.
sin_zero	This field is reserved. Set this field to hexadecimal zeros.

AF_INET address family sockets can be either connection-oriented (type SOCK_STREAM) or they can be connectionless (type SOCK_DGRAM). Connection-oriented AF_INET sockets use TCP as the transport protocol. Connectionless AF_INET sockets use UDP as the transport protocol. When you create an AF_INET domain socket, you specify AF_INET for the address family in the socket program. AF_INET sockets can also use a type of SOCK_RAW. If this type is set, the application connects directly to the IP layer and does not use either the TCP or UDP transports.