anslble(2)

ansible playbook:剧本

    由一个或多个模块组成,完成统一的目的,实现自动化操作
    剧本编写遵循yaml语法


    yaml的三要素:

        缩进:两个字符,默认的tab键是四个字符,所以要使用tab键,需要修改.vimrc
               vim /root/.vimrc
                添加:
                set tabstop=2
                保存退出
               
        冒号:冒号后面需要空格,除非以冒号结尾
        短横杠:列表项,后面跟空格

     
playbook语法结构

    ansible-playbook 选项 文件路径
            选项:
                -C  模拟预运行
                --list-hosts:列出清单
                --list-tasks:列出任务
                --list-tags:列出标签
                --syntax-check:语法检查      

测试案例:通过playbook安装httpd,并修改端口号为8080

前提:安装httpd,复制httpd.conf到当前目录,修改端口为8080
vim httpd.yaml
添加:
- hosts: web

  tasks:
    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=latest

    - name: httpd config
      copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: restart httpd

    - name: start httpd
      service: name=httpd state=started

  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted
保存退出

测试yaml: ansible-playbook -C httpd.yaml
执行yaml:ansible-playbook httpd.yaml

#####################################################################

playbook配置web--nfs--rsync架构环境

全局环境:修改各主机名:ansible、web、nfs、rsync

1.服务器配置

前提:
ifdown ens33;ifup ens33
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0

vim  /etc/hosts
192.168.8.10   ansible
192.168.8.20   web
192.168.8.30   nfs
192.168.8.40   rsync
保存退出

(1)安装ansible
    yum -y install epel-release
    yum -y install ansible
(2)ssh公钥
    ssh-keygen -t rsa
    ssh-copy-id root@web        #web服务器
    ssh-copy-id root@nfs        #nfs服务器
    ssh-copy-id root@rsync        #rsync服务器
(3)复制/etc/hosts到被管理端
    scp /etc/hosts root@web:/etc/
    scp /etc/hosts root@nfs:/etc/
    scp /etc/hosts root@rsync:/etc/
(4)创建ansible目录
    mkdir -p /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/{conf,file,scripts,tools}
(5)创建ansible清单
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
添加:
[web]
192.168.8.20
    
[nfs]
192.168.8.30
    
[rsync]
192.168.8.40
    
保存退出

(6)使用ansible copy 复制/etc/hosts到所有主机
ansible all -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc"


2.基础环境部署

(1)网络环境(关闭firewall  selinux)
(2)epel仓库
(3)安装rsync,nfs-utils
(4)创建组
(5)创建用户
(6)创建目录,并修改权限
(7)推送脚本
(8)推送rsync客户端密码文件,修改权限
(9)计划任务
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/base.yaml
添加:
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: stop firewalld
      shell: systemctl stop firewalld
      
    - name: stop selinux 
      shell: setenforce 0 
  
    - name: clear repos.d
      file: path=/etc/yum.repos.d/ state=absent

    - name: create repos.d
      file: path=/etc/yum.repos.d/ state=directory

    - name: install base repo
      get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

    - name: install epel repo
      get_url: url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

    - name: install rsync nfs-utils
      yum: name=rsync,nfs-utils state=installed

    - name: create group www
      group: name=www gid=666

    - name: create user www
      user: name=www uid=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin

    - name: create rsync client password
      copy: content='1' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=600

    - name: create scripts directory
      file: path=/server/scripts/ recurse=yes state=directory

    - name: push scripts
      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_backup.sh dest=/server/scripts

    - name: crontab
      cron: name="backup scripts" hour=01 minute=00 job="/usr/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_backup.sh &> /dev/null"
保存退出 

3.rsync配置

(1)安装rsync
(2)配置
(3)启动
(4)脚本
(5)计划任务
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/rsync.yaml
添加:
- hosts: rsync
  tasks:

    - name: install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed

    - name: config rsync
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf
      notify: restart rsync

    - name: create rsync local user
      copy: content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600

    - name: create data
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: create backup
      file: path=/backup state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: start rsync
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

    - name: push check scripts
      copy: src=./scripts/rsync_check.sh dest=/server/scripts

    - name: crond check scripts
      cron: name="check scripts" hour=05 minute=00 job="/usr/bin/bash /server/scripts/rsync_check.sh &> /dev/null"

  handlers:
    - name: restart rsync
      service: name=rsyncd state=restarted
保存退出

4.nfs部署

(1)安装nfs-utils
(2)配置
(3)启动
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/nfs.yaml
添加:
- hosts: nfs

  tasks:
    - name: install nfs
      yum: name=nfs-utils,rpcbind state=installed

    - name: config nfs
      copy: src=./conf/exports dest=/etc/exports
      notify: restart nfs
      
    - name: create data
      file: path=/data state=directory recurse=yes owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: start nfs
      service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
    - name: restart nfs
      service: name=nfs-server state=restarted
保存退出

5.sersync部署

(1)在ansible服务器先下载sersync
(2)解压到/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/并修改配置文件
(3)推送到nfs
(4)启动sersync
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/sersync.yaml
添加:
- hosts: nfs

  tasks:
    - name: scp sersync
      copy: src=./tools/sersync/ dest=/usr/local/sersync owner=www group=www mode=755

    - name: start sersync
      shell: pgrep sersync;
              [ $? -eq 0 ] || /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml
保存退出

6.web部署

(1)本地安装httpd
(2)修改配置文件,复制到/etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/conf
(3)挂载
(4)启动
vim /etc/ansible/ansible_playbook/web.yaml
添加:
- hosts: web

  tasks:      
    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=installed
      
    - name: mount nfs
      mount: src=nfs:/data path=/var/www/html fstype=nfs state=mounted      

    - name: config httpd
      copy: src=./conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: restart httpd

    - name: start httpd
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted
保存退出

7.main.yaml

vim main.yaml
添加:
- import_playbook: base.yaml
- import_playbook: rsync.yaml
- import_playbook: nfs.yaml
- import_playbook: sersync.yaml
- import_playbook: web.yaml
保存退出

预检测:ansible-playbook -C main.yaml 
执行:  ansible-playbook main.yaml                        


------------------------------------


ansible roles扩展参考:

https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/woshizhangliang999/article/details/106005990/

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