数据库MySQL安装时出现的权限问题

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技术积累：MySQL中的权限报错：

在 fedora中安装mysql之后，启动mysqld服务。然后使用mysql监视器进行联机的时候，一直报错，保证错信息如下所示：

[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'zyp'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

整体的思路：

1. 打开并编辑/etc/my.cnf或/etc/mysql/my.cnf，具体取决于您的发行版。
2. 添加skip-grant-tables下[mysqld]
3. 重启MySQL
4. 您现在应该可以使用以下命令登录 MySQLmysql -u root -p
5. 跑步mysql> flush privileges;
6. 设置新密码ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassword';
7. 返回/etc/my.cnf 并删除/注释skip-grant-tables
8. 重启MySQL
9. 现在您将可以使用新密码登录mysql -u root -p

具体的实现：

在这里提供的一种解决方案是，在数据库的my.cnf文件中添加一句：skip-grant-tables来跳过权限的检测。
对应的文件的位置在如下所示的地方：
/etc/my.cnf
对应的文件中的内容为：

[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ cat /etc/my.cnf
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables

然后在进行登陆的时候就不会出现刚才的报错了；
如下面的代码所示：

[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ sudo systemctl restart mysqld.service 
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.0.35 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.008 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Rootzyp666'
    -> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.007 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Rootzyp666';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.007 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> exit
Bye

然后，在重新编辑之前在my.cnf中的那句话skip-grant-tables去掉，然后重新加载mysql，使用systemctl restart mysqld。

[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf
" Press ? for help             |  1 #
                               |  2 # This group is read both both by the client and the server
.. (up a dir)                  |  3 # use it for options that affect everything
/home/zyp/                     |  4 #
  mysql-community-release-el7-5|  5 [client-server]
~                              |  6 #
~                              |  7 # include all files from the config directory
~                              |  8 #
~                              |  9 !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
~                              | 10 [mysqld]
~                              | 11 # skip-grant-tables                                                                 
~                              |~                                                                                       
~                              |~                                                                                       
~                              |~                                                                                       
~                              |~                                                                                       
                                                                                
/home/zyp                       /etc/my.cnf                                                           11,1           All
:wq
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ sudo systemctl restart mysqld.service 
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ 
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ 
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ 
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.35 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.5.22-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:		8
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MySQL
Server version:		8.0.35 Source distribution
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb3
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb3
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			25 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 119  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 38  Queries per second avg: 0.200
--------------

MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> 
MySQL [(none)]> exit;
Bye
[zyp@iZ0jl9sgt76d4kh58mvinxZ ~]$ 

最后，我们发现。已经可以使用密码进行登录了。