制作iPhone的SOAP应用的详细教程

作者 bluebird

帖子地址 http://www.cocoachina.com/bbs/read.php?tid-16561.html

本教程用到的提供soap接口的网址是: http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/ 这个页面有多个方法可以通过soap调用,页面上也有说明.如果用IE的浏览器还能看到此网页提供的wsdl文件.要做soap的webservice首先要了解一些关于webservice和soap的一些基本知识.下面几个网址可能会帮你快速入门.

SOAP教程: http://www.w3school.com.cn/soap/index.asp
使用WSDL发布WebService: http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/meiqingsong/archive/2005/04/04/336057.aspx

    为了便于理解,我先讲下soap的大体原理:我们在iPhone封装soap请求信息,发送到某个提供soap服务的服务器,如下例中我们用到的 http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/. 服务器能接受和识别soap请求,当它接到请求,就根据客户端的请求情况调用服务器上的某个函数,并将函数返回结果封装成soap反馈信息发送给客户端.客户端接收到soap反馈信息后,进行解析处理,以用户能理解的形式呈现给用户.整个过程就这么简单.

    好了,假设现在你已经有关于soap的基础知识(没有也没关系,看了例子,再理解就更好理解了),下面我们开始做soap的例子.

    第一步,建一个Hello_SOAP项目.用IB将Hello_SOAPViewController.xib做成如下图的界面

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.h中添加如下代码

@interface Hello_SOAPViewController : UIViewController {         IBOutletUITextField *nameInput;         IBOutletUILabel *greeting;           NSMutableData*webData;         NSMutableString*soapResults;         NSXMLParser*xmlParser;         BOOLrecordResults; }   @property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField*nameInput; @property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *greeting;   @property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *webData; @property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *soapResults; @property(nonatomic, retain) NSXMLParser *xmlParser;   -(IBAction)buttonClick: (id) sender; - (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP;

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.xib中将两个输出口和一个动作连接好,这个不用手把手吧?
在Hello_SOAPViewController.m文件中加入以下方法 :

- (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP {         recordResults= NO;         //封装soap请求消息         NSString*soapMessage = [NSString stringWithFormat:                                                         @"<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>n"                                                         "<soap:Envelopexmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">n"                                                         "<soap:Body>n"                                                         "<getOffesetUTCTimexmlns="http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/">n"                                                         "<hoursOffset>%@</hoursOffset>n"                                                         "</getOffesetUTCTime>n"                                                         "</soap:Body>n"                                                         "</soap:Envelope>n",nameInput.text                                                         ];         NSLog(soapMessage);         //请求发送到的路径         NSURL*url = [NSURLURLWithString:@"http://www.nanonull.com/TimeService/TimeService.asmx"];         NSMutableURLRequest*theRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];         NSString*msgLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [soapMessagelength]];                  //以下对请求信息添加属性前四句是必有的，第五句是soap信息。         [theRequestaddValue: @"text/xml; charset=utf-8"forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];         [theRequestaddValue: @"http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/getOffesetUTCTime"forHTTPHeaderField:@"SOAPAction"];                  [theRequestaddValue: msgLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];         [theRequestsetHTTPMethod:@"POST"];         [theRequestsetHTTPBody: [soapMessagedataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];                  //请求         NSURLConnection*theConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc]initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];                  //如果连接已经建好，则初始化data         if(theConnection )         {                 webData= [[NSMutableData data] retain];         }         else         {                 NSLog(@"theConnectionis NULL");         }                   }

这个方法作用就是封装soap请求,并向服务器发送请求.
代码有注释.不重复讲解.soap并不难,难的是没有案例告诉我们怎么把其它平台的soap移植过来,这里我给出了代码,我相信对iphone开发人员的话应该能看懂了.我在下面会把此案例的源代码附上.如果自己做不出来再看我的代码.如果我这样讲您觉得不够细,那说明您的iphone开发还不是太深入,那么您应该用不到soap技术.可以飘过了.
下面的代码是接收信息并解析,显示到用户界面

1. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connectiondidReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
2. {
3.         [webDatasetLength: 0];
4.         NSLog(@"connection:didReceiveResponse:1");
5. }
6. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connectiondidReceiveData:(NSData *)data
7. {
8.         [webDataappendData:data];
9.         NSLog(@"connection:didReceiveData:2");
10.  
11. }
12.  
13. //如果电脑没有连接网络，则出现 此信息（不是网络服务器不通）
14. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connectiondidFailWithError:(NSError *)error
15. {
16.         NSLog(@"ERRORwith theConenction");
17.         [connectionrelease];
18.         [webDatarelease];
19. }
20. -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection*)connection
21. {
22.         NSLog(@"3DONE. Received Bytes: %d", [webData length]);
23.         NSString*theXML = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes: [webData mutableBytes]length:[webData length] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
24.         NSLog(theXML);
25.         [theXMLrelease];
26.         
27.         //重新加載xmlParser
28.         if(xmlParser )
29.         {
30.                 [xmlParserrelease];
31.         }
32.         
33.         xmlParser= [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData: webData];
34.         [xmlParsersetDelegate: self];
35.         [xmlParsersetShouldResolveExternalEntities: YES];
36.         [xmlParserparse];
37.         
38.         [connectionrelease];
39.         //[webDatarelease];
40. }

• -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString*)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *) namespaceURIqualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
• attributes: (NSDictionary *)attributeDict
• {
•         NSLog(@"4parser didStarElemen: namespaceURI: attributes:");
•  
•                 if([elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])
•         {
•                 if(!soapResults)
•                 {
•                         soapResults= [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
•                 }
•                 recordResults= YES;
•         }
•         
• }
• -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString*)string
• {
•         NSLog(@"5parser: foundCharacters:");
•  
•         if(recordResults )
•         {
•                 [soapResultsappendString: string];
•         }
• }
• -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString*)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURIqualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
• {
•         NSLog(@"6parser: didEndElement:");
•  
•         if([elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])
•         {
•                 recordResults= FALSE;
•                 greeting.text= [[[NSString init]stringWithFormat:@"第%@时区的时间是: ",nameInput.text]stringByAppendingString:soapResults];
•                 [soapResultsrelease];
•                 soapResults= nil;
•                 NSLog(@"hoursOffsetresult");
•         }
•         
• }
• - (void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{
•         NSLog(@"-------------------start--------------");
• }
• - (void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{
•         NSLog(@"-------------------end--------------");
• }

说 明下:

-(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection*)connection

这个方法是存储接收到的信息

-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString*)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURIqualifiedName:(NSString *)qName

方法是显示接收的信息.
以上代码已经包括所有用到的代码.
如果一切顺利,应该有如下界面
1.打开界面

2.输入请求的时区

3.显示服务器反馈结果