在xen下新建一个windows虚拟机

1.申请磁盘空间

dd if=/dev/zero of=./Win7.img bs=1M count=20480

dd if=/dev/zero of=./Windisk.img bs=1M count=10240

具体要几个硬盘根据需要新建。

2.上传ISO镜像，上传windows的安装镜像到服务器。

请确保上传的镜像是有效地，一开始我上传了一个镜像，一直不能成功安装虚拟机，后来重新制作了一个iso（物理光盘是一样的），就可以了。

3.建立虚拟机

virt-install -n win7 --file=Win7.img --file=Windisk.img --vnc -v -c /share/nfs02/309www/win7.iso
 -r 1024 --vcpus=1

virt-install 建立虚拟机的命令
-n 虚拟机的命名
--file 虚拟机的磁盘文件
--vnc 使用VNC终端连接方式
-r 虚拟机的内存容量
--vcpus 虚拟机的CPU数量
-v 可视
-c 安装镜像的路径

 

4.编写配置文件

1）拷贝一个系统的配置文件模板 #cp /etc/xen/xmexmple.hvm ./windows.hvm
2）修改windows.hvm文件以下相关项：
name = “ win7"      #自己取个名字
vif = [  'type=ioemu, bridge=br1' ]

disk = [ 'file:/share/nfs02/309www/Win7.img,ioemu:hda,w'

,'file:/share/nfs02/309www/Windisk.img,ioemu:hdb,w'#具体需要几个硬盘根据需要挂载。

, 'file:/share/nfs02/309www/win7.iso,hdc:cdrom,r']       #前面一个是虚拟硬盘的位置，后面一个是iso安装文件所在位置，根据实际位置修改

3）boot=cd                #设置默认系统启动位置 CD-ROM（d）  hard-disk（c）
4）vncconsole=1       #类似xm cr -c 中的-c功能，使系统启动之后自动通过vnc连接到虚拟机窗口
5）usbdevice='tablet'   #据说是可以去除跟随鼠标的那个悲剧的点的，不过有的时候有效，有的时候没 － －

5.启动 xm create windows.hvm

如果没有设置vncconsole=1这个项，我们也可以通过vncviewer 127.0.0.1:5900来连接我们启动的虚拟机窗口（5900是一个端口号，可能会变，可以通过xm list -l domid | grep location 获取端口号）

 也可以通过  xm vncviewer 

6.安装windows.也可以在建立镜像是完成。

7.修改启动项，从硬盘启动。

安装完后，每次启动都要到光盘项，很麻烦，修改配置文件windows.hvm，将disk项改为disk = [ 'file:/home/wq/image/pv/hvm/vmdisk.img,ioemu:hda,w' ]，boot=c

• 可以通过xm

  xm vncviewer win7 启动vnc到指定虚拟机。"win7"是虚拟机的名字。

   

  ps:这是我的配置文件

  #  -*- mode: python; -*-
  #============================================================================
  # Python configuration setup for 'xm create'.
  # This script sets the parameters used when a domain is created using 'xm create'.
  # You use a separate script for each domain you want to create, or 
  # you can set the parameters for the domain on the xm command line.
  #============================================================================
  
  import os, re
  arch = os.uname()[4]
  if re.search('64', arch):
      arch_libdir = 'lib64'
  else:
      arch_libdir = 'lib'
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Kernel image file.
  kernel = "/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader"
  
  # The domain build function. HVM domain uses 'hvm'.
  builder='hvm'
  
  # Initial memory allocation (in megabytes) for the new domain.
  #
  # WARNING: Creating a domain with insufficient memory may cause out of
  #          memory errors. The domain needs enough memory to boot kernel
  #          and modules. Allocating less than 32MBs is not recommended.
  memory = 1024
  
  # Shadow pagetable memory for the domain, in MB.
  # If not explicictly set, xend will pick an appropriate value.  
  # Should be at least 2KB per MB of domain memory, plus a few MB per vcpu.
  # shadow_memory = 8
  
  # A name for your domain. All domains must have different names.
  name = "win7"
  
  # 128-bit UUID for the domain.  The default behavior is to generate a new UUID
  # on each call to 'xm create'.
  #uuid = "06ed00fe-1162-4fc4-b5d8-11993ee4a8b9"
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # The number of cpus guest platform has, default=1
  #vcpus=1
  
  # Enable/disable HVM guest PAE, default=1 (enabled)
  #pae=1
  
  # Enable/disable HVM guest ACPI, default=1 (enabled)
  #acpi=1
  
  # Enable/disable HVM APIC mode, default=1 (enabled)
  # Note that this option is ignored if vcpus > 1
  #apic=1
  
  # List of which CPUS this domain is allowed to use, default Xen picks
  #cpus = ""         # leave to Xen to pick
  #cpus = "0"        # all vcpus run on CPU0
  #cpus = "0-3,5,^1" # all vcpus run on cpus 0,2,3,5
  #cpus = ["2", "3"] # VCPU0 runs on CPU2, VCPU1 runs on CPU3
  
  # Optionally define mac and/or bridge for the network interfaces.
  # Random MACs are assigned if not given.
  #vif = [ 'type=ioemu, mac=00:16:3e:00:00:11, bridge=xenbr0, model=ne2k_pci' ]
  # type=ioemu specify the NIC is an ioemu device not netfront
  vif = [ 'type=ioemu,mac=00:16:3e:3f:45:8f, bridge=br0' ]
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Define the disk devices you want the domain to have access to, and
  # what you want them accessible as.
  # Each disk entry is of the form phy:UNAME,DEV,MODE
  # where UNAME is the device, DEV is the device name the domain will see,
  # and MODE is r for read-only, w for read-write.
  
  #disk = [ 'phy:hda1,hda1,r' ]
  disk = [ 'file:/share/nfs02/309www/Win7.img,hda,w',
       'file:/share/nfs02/309www/Windisk.img,hdb,w',
       'file:/share/nfs02/309www/win7.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ]
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Configure the behaviour when a domain exits.  There are three 'reasons'
  # for a domain to stop: poweroff, reboot, and crash.  For each of these you
  # may specify:
  #
  #   "destroy",        meaning that the domain is cleaned up as normal;
  #   "restart",        meaning that a new domain is started in place of the old
  #                     one;
  #   "preserve",       meaning that no clean-up is done until the domain is
  #                     manually destroyed (using xm destroy, for example); or
  #   "rename-restart", meaning that the old domain is not cleaned up, but is
  #                     renamed and a new domain started in its place.
  #
  # In the event a domain stops due to a crash, you have the additional options:
  #
  #   "coredump-destroy", meaning dump the crashed domain's core and then destroy;
  #   "coredump-restart', meaning dump the crashed domain's core and the restart.
  #
  # The default is
  #
  #   on_poweroff = 'destroy'
  #   on_reboot   = 'restart'
  #   on_crash    = 'restart'
  #
  # For backwards compatibility we also support the deprecated option restart
  #
  # restart = 'onreboot' means on_poweroff = 'destroy'
  #                            on_reboot   = 'restart'
  #                            on_crash    = 'destroy'
  #
  # restart = 'always'   means on_poweroff = 'restart'
  #                            on_reboot   = 'restart'
  #                            on_crash    = 'restart'
  #
  # restart = 'never'    means on_poweroff = 'destroy'
  #                            on_reboot   = 'destroy'
  #                            on_crash    = 'destroy'
  
  #on_poweroff = 'destroy'
  #on_reboot   = 'restart'
  #on_crash    = 'restart'
  
  #============================================================================
  
  # Device Model to be used
  device_model = '/usr/' + arch_libdir + '/xen/bin/qemu-dm'
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), Network (n) or CD-ROM (d) 
  # default: hard disk, cd-rom, floppy
  #boot="cda"
  boot="dc"
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #  write to temporary files instead of disk image files
  #snapshot=1
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # enable SDL library for graphics, default = 0
  sdl=0
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # enable OpenGL for texture rendering inside the SDL window, default = 1
  # valid only if sdl is enabled.
  opengl=1
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # enable VNC library for graphics, default = 1
  vnc=1
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # address that should be listened on for the VNC server if vnc is set.
  # default is to use 'vnc-listen' setting from /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp
  #vnclisten="127.0.0.1"
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # set VNC display number, default = domid
  #vncdisplay=1
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # try to find an unused port for the VNC server, default = 1
  #vncunused=1
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # set password for domain's VNC console
  # default is depents on vncpasswd in xend-config.sxp
  vncpasswd=''
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # no graphics, use serial port
  #nographic=0
  
  #----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # enable stdvga, default = 0 (use cirrus logic device model)
  stdvga=0
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   serial port re-direct to pty deivce, /dev/pts/n 
  #   then xm console or minicom can connect
  serial='pty'
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   Qemu Monitor, default is disable
  #   Use ctrl-alt-2 to connect
  #monitor=1
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   enable sound card support, [sb16|es1370|all|..,..], default none
  #soundhw='sb16'
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #    set the real time clock to local time [default=0 i.e. set to utc]
  #localtime=1
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #    set the real time clock offset in seconds [default=0 i.e. same as dom0]
  #rtc_timeoffset=3600
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #    start in full screen
  #full-screen=1   
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   Enable USB support (specific devices specified at runtime through the
  #			monitor window)
  #usb=1
  
  #   Enable USB mouse support (only enable one of the following, `mouse' for
  #			      PS/2 protocol relative mouse, `tablet' for
  #			      absolute mouse)
  #usbdevice='mouse'
  #usbdevice='tablet'
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   Set keyboard layout, default is en-us keyboard. 
  #keymap='ja'
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   Configure guest CPUID responses:
  #
  #cpuid=[ '1:ecx=xxxxxxxxxxx00xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
  #           eax=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' ]
  # - Unset the SSE4 features (CPUID.1[ECX][20-19])
  # - Default behaviour for all other bits in ECX And EAX registers.
  # 
  # Each successive character represent a lesser-significant bit:
  #  '1' -> force the corresponding bit to 1
  #  '0' -> force to 0
  #  'x' -> Get a safe value (pass through and mask with the default policy)
  #  'k' -> pass through the host bit value
  #  's' -> as 'k' but preserve across save/restore and migration
  # 
  #   Expose to the guest multi-core cpu instead of multiple processors
  # Example for intel, expose a 8-core processor :
  #cpuid=['1:edx=xxx1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
  #          ebx=xxxxxxxx00010000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  #     '4,0:eax=001111xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx']
  #  - CPUID.1[EDX][HT] : Enable HT
  #  - CPUID.1[EBX] : Number of vcpus * 2
  #  - CPUID.4,0[EAX] : Number of vcpus * 2 - 1
  #vcpus=8
  #
  # Example for amd, expose a 5-core processor :
  # cpuid = ['1:ebx=xxxxxxxx00001010xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
  #             edx=xxx1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
  # '0x80000001:ecx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1x',
  # '0x80000008:ecx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx001001']
  #   - CPUID.1[EBX] : Threads per Core * Cores per Socket (2 * #vcpus)
  #   - CPUID.1[EDX][HT] : Enable HT
  #   - CPUID.0x80000001[CmpLegacy] : Use legacy method
  #   - CPUID.0x80000008[ECX] : #vcpus * 2 - 1
  #vcpus=5
  #
  #  Downgrade the cpuid to make a better compatibility for migration :
  # Look like a generic 686 :
  # cpuid = [ '0:eax=0x3,ebx=0x0,ecx=0x0,edx=0x0',
  #           '1:eax=0x06b1,
  #              ecx=xxxxxxxxxx0000xx00xxx0000000xx0,
  #              edx=xx00000xxxxxxx0xxxxxxxxx0xxxxxx',
  #           '4:eax=0x3,ebx=0x0,ecx=0x0,edx=0x0',
  #  '0x80000000:eax=0x3,ebx=0x0,ecx=0x0,edx=0x0']
  #  with the highest leaf
  #  - CPUID.0[EAX] : Set the highest leaf
  #  - CPUID.1[EAX] : 686 
  #  - CPUID.1[ECX] : Mask some features
  #  - CPUID.1[EDX] : Mask some features
  #  - CPUID.4 : Reply like the highest leaf, in our case CPUID.3
  #  - CPUID.0x80000000 : No extension we are on a Pentium III, reply like the
  #  highest leaf (CPUID.3).
  #
  #   Configure host CPUID consistency checks, which must be satisfied for this
  #   VM to be allowed to run on this host's processor type:
  #cpuid_check=[ '1:ecx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1xxxxx' ]
  # - Host must have VMX feature flag set
  #
  # The format is similar to the above for 'cpuid':
  #  '1' -> the bit must be '1'
  #  '0' -> the bit must be '0'
  #  'x' -> we don't care (do not check)
  #  's' -> the bit must be the same as on the host that started this VM
  
  
  #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #   Configure PVSCSI devices:
  #
  #vscsi=[ 'PDEV, VDEV' ]
  #
  #   PDEV   gives physical SCSI device to be attached to specified guest
  #          domain by one of the following identifier format.
  #          - XX:XX:XX:XX (4-tuples with decimal notation which shows
  #                          "host:channel:target:lun")
  #          - /dev/sdxx or sdx
  #          - /dev/stxx or stx
  #          - /dev/sgxx or sgx
  #          - result of 'scsi_id -gu -s'.
  #            ex. # scsi_id -gu -s /block/sdb
  #                  36000b5d0006a0000006a0257004c0000
  #
  #   VDEV   gives virtual SCSI device by 4-tuples (XX:XX:XX:XX) as 
  #          which the specified guest domain recognize.
  #
  
  #vscsi = [ '/dev/sdx, 0:0:0:0' ]
  

  
  
  

  参考文献：

  http://tomhibolu.iteye.com/blog/1215838

  http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/23999906