Cloneable 接口实现原理

Cloneable接口是Java开发中常用的一个接口， 它的作用是使一个类的实例能够将自身拷贝到另一个新的实例中，注意，这里所说的“拷贝”拷的是对象实例，而不是类的定义，进一步说，拷贝的是一个类的实例中各字段的值。

在开发过程中，拷贝实例是常见的一种操作，如果一个类中的字段较多，而我们又采用在客户端中逐字段复制的方法进行拷贝操作的话，将不可避免的造成客户端代码繁杂冗长，而且也无法对类中的私有成员进行复制，而如果让需要具备拷贝功能的类实现Cloneable接口，并重写clone()方法，就可以通过调用clone()方法的方式简洁地实现实例拷贝功能。

深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念，尤其在C++语言中，若不弄懂，则会在delete的时候出问题，但是我们在这幸好用的是Java。虽然Java自动管理对象的回收，但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)，我们还是要给予足够的重视，因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。

浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身（包括对象中的基本变量），而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚：对象 A1 中包含对 B1 的引用， B1 中包含对 C1 的引用。浅拷贝 A1 得到 A2 ， A2 中依然包含对 B1 的引用， B1 中依然包含对 C1 的引用。

深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归，深拷贝 A1 得到 A2 ， A2 中包含对 B2 （ B1 的 copy ）的引用， B2 中包含对 C2 （ C1 的 copy ）的引用。https://www.jianshu.com/p/c9d7a65451fc
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