ORA-4031 During Startup Nomount using RMAN without parameter file (PFILE) [ID 1176443.1]

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本文记录了一次在Exadata环境下使用RMAN进行数据库备份和恢复过程中遇到的ORA-4031错误。该错误发生在尝试以'nomount'状态启动RMAN时，导致无法分配共享内存。文章详细描述了错误症状，分析了其原因，并提供了两种解决方案：一是创建临时init.ora文件并调整内存参数；二是设置环境变量ORA_RMAN_SGA_TARGET。

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In this Document
Symptoms
Cause
Solution

Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 11.2.0.1 and later [Release: 11.2 and later ]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
Symptoms
RMAN startup nomount failed with ORA-4031

Customer was testing RMAN backup/restore in Exadata. Customer firstly backup the database to tape and then remove all the datafiles, spfile, controlfiles for testing. Then during the recover, customer connected RMAN with nocatalog and try to “startup nomount”, then ORA-4031 occured.

==================== Log ========================

oracle@hkfop011db01:/home/oracle
$ export ORACLE_SID=TEST
oracle@test011db01:/home/oracle
$ rman target / nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 8 20:45:10 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initTEST.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 07/08/2010 20:45:19
RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-04031: unable to allocate 111264 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,0)","KEWS sesstat values")

Cause
RMAN has failed to start a dummy instance without pfile.

Default values used for the dummy instance are not enough to start the instance up.

This is reported in bug:9680987 - RMAN CANNOT START DATABASE WITHOUT PARAMETER FILE

Solution
There are two possible solutions:

Create temporary init.ora file (/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initTEST.ora) with the following parameters:

db_name=<db_name>
large_pool_size=100m
shared_pool_size=250m
db_cache_size=10m

Set environment variable ORA_RMAN_SGA_TARGET before executing rman. For example:

$ export ORA_RMAN_SGA_TARGET=350