How do digital cameras work?

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于 2021-05-05 16:01:21 发布

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分类专栏： IGCSE Computer Science Cambridge Internation Educatio

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数码相机通过镜头将光线聚焦到感光元件（如CCD或CMOS）上，将其转换为数字图像。每个像素由感光元件上的光敏元素测量颜色和亮度，并转化为数字数值。这些数字构成了数字图像的基础，存储在相机的RAM中，通常以JPEG格式。二维扫描仪类似，但用于文档，使用CCD传感器照亮文档并反射光线，生成PDF格式的数字图像。

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How do digital cameras work?

Lens is used to bring light to a fixed focal point. It directs light to a digital sensor.
A CCD or CMOS, a photoelectric sensor, is used to convert the incoming light into digital image.

A CCD or CMOS senser consists of thousands of light-sensitive elements.
Each element is known as a pixel.
The number of pixels of CCD or CMOS sensor determines the size of the digital image.
The sensor measures the color and brightness of each pixel and they are converted into digital number.
A digital image essentially is a matrix of such digital numbers
These numbers are store as a file on the camera's RAM, usually a JPEF file, a compressed file format.

A 2D dimensional scanner works the same way in essence. It uses the light sensor (photoelectric sensor) CCD to produce a digital image of a document, but usually in PDF format. The difference is that when the document is put on the glass panel and the cover is closed, a bright light is used to illuminates the document and the light is reflected back on the sensor and the color and brightness of each pixel is detected by the sensor and converted into digital numbers.