Spring自定义标签的原理
XML通常通过DTD、XSD定义,但DTD的表达能力较弱,XSD定义则能力比较强,能够定义类型,出现次数等。自定义标签需要XSD支持,在实现时使用Namespace扩展来支持自定义标签。
当你在苦逼的写下面的代码时:
<bean id="beanId" class="com.xxx.xxxx.Xxxxx"> <property name="property1"> <value>XXXX</value> </property> <property name="property2"> <value>XXXX</value> </property> </bean>
是不是会羡慕这样写代码呢?
<xxx:xxxx id="beanId"/>
Spring通过XML解析程序将其解析为DOM树,通过NamespaceHandler指定对应的Namespace的BeanDefinitionParser将其转换成BeanDefinition。再通过Spring自身的功能对BeanDefinition实例化对象。
在期间,Spring还会加载两项资料:
- META-INF/spring.handlers
指定NamespaceHandler(实现org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandler)接口,或使用org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport的子类。 - META-INF/spring.schemas
在解析XML文件时将XSD重定向到本地文件,避免在解析XML文件时需要上网下载XSD文件。通过现实org.xml.sax.EntityResolver接口来实现该功能。
制作自定义的标签
spring.handlers:
http\://test.hatter.me/schema/test=me.hatter.test.TestNamespaceHandler
spring.schemas:
http\://test.hatter.me/schema/test/test.xsd=META-INF/test.xsd
test.xsd:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <xsd:schema xmlns="http://test.hatter.me/schema/test" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://test.hatter.me/schema/test"> <xsd:element name="custom" type="customType"> </xsd:element> <xsd:complexType name="customType"> <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:ID"> </xsd:attribute> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string"> </xsd:attribute> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:schema>
me.hatter.test.TestNamespaceHandler:
package me.hatter.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandlerSupport;
public class TestNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {
public void init() {
registerBeanDefinitionParser("custom", new TestCustomBeanDefinitionParser());
}
}
me.hatter.test.TestCustomBeanDefinitionParser:
package me.hatter.test;
import me.hatter.test.bean.TestBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParser;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ParserContext;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
public class TestCustomBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
String id = element.getAttribute("id");
String name = element.getAttribute("name");
RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(TestBean.class);
beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("name", name);
parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(id, beanDefinition);
return beanDefinition;
}
}
测试代码
test.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:test="http://test.hatter.me/schema/test" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://test.hatter.me/schema/test http://test.hatter.me/schema/test/test.xsd"> <test:custom id="testCustom" name="this is a test custom tag" /> </beans>
me.hatter.test.main.Main:
package me.hatter.test.main;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String xml = "classpath:me/hatter/test/main/test.xml";
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { xml });
System.out.println(context.getBean("testCustom"));
}
}
上例输出为:
TestBean[name=thisis a test custom tag]