Windows 环境下 Golang 与 Vosk-API 语音识别开发环境搭建指南

一、前置准备工作

1、[安装Golang][https://go.dev/doc/install]

2、安装window gcc环境。

​ 使用msys2来进行安装

• 1.下载msys2的安装包，可以通过下面地址下载[https://download.youkuaiyun.com/download/zhangshenglu1/90970117][https://download.youkuaiyun.com/download/zhangshenglu1/90970117]

• 安装完成后执行如下命令，更新包库

  pacman -Syu
  

• 安装MinGW-w64 工具链

  pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
  

  

• 配置环境变量
  

• 验证环境变量是否成功

C:\Users\admin>gcc --version
gcc (Rev5, Built by MSYS2 project) 15.1.0
Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

上面说明已经安装成功。

二、拉取vosk-api的相关依赖

1、克隆vosk-api的相关代码

git clone https://github.com/alphacep/vosk-api
cd vosk-api
# 把代码切换到tagv0.3.45上
git checkout v0.3.45
cd go/example

2、下载模型文件

https://alphacephei.com/vosk/models/vosk-model-small-en-us-0.15.zip
// 下载完成后把模型文件复制到vosk-api/go/example，并且改名为model

3、下载vosk

https://github.com/alphacep/vosk-api/releases/download/v0.3.45/vosk-win64-0.3.45.zip
将文件拷贝到D:\\source\\vosk目录下，然后解压

4、设置环境变量

set VOSK_PATH=D:\\source\\vosk\\vosk-win64-0.3.45
set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=D:\\source\\vosk\\vosk-win64-0.3.45
set CGO_CPPFLAGS=-I D:\\source\\vosk\\vosk-win64-0.3.45
set CGO_LDFLAGS=-L D:\\source\\vosk\\vosk-win64-0.3.45  -lvosk -lwinpthread -lgcc_s -static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc 
# 需要设置该变量，不然会报 exit status 0xc0000135
set PATH=%PATH%;D:\source\vosk\vosk-win64-0.3.45

5、进行到vosk-api/go/example目录

把这个位置的文件，复制到当前目录。 …/…/python/example/test.wav

此时目录中文件及文件夹为：

D:\source\vosk-api\go\example>dir /b
doc.go
model
README.md
test.wav
test_simple.go

运行程序：

D:\source\vosk-api\go\example>go run . -f test.wav
LOG (VoskAPI:ReadDataFiles():model.cc:213) Decoding params beam=10 max-active=3000 lattice-beam=2
LOG (VoskAPI:ReadDataFiles():model.cc:216) Silence phones 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:10
LOG (VoskAPI:RemoveOrphanNodes():nnet-nnet.cc:948) Removed 0 orphan nodes.
LOG (VoskAPI:RemoveOrphanComponents():nnet-nnet.cc:847) Removing 0 orphan components.
LOG (VoskAPI:ReadDataFiles():model.cc:248) Loading i-vector extractor from model/ivector/final.ie
LOG (VoskAPI:ComputeDerivedVars():ivector-extractor.cc:183) Computing derived variables for iVector extractor
LOG (VoskAPI:ComputeDerivedVars():ivector-extractor.cc:204) Done.
LOG (VoskAPI:ReadDataFiles():model.cc:282) Loading HCL and G from model/graph/HCLr.fst model/graph/Gr.fst
LOG (VoskAPI:ReadDataFiles():model.cc:308) Loading winfo model/graph/phones/word_boundary.int
{
  "result" : [{
      "conf" : 1.000000,
      "end" : 1.110000,
      "start" : 0.840000,
      "word" : "one"
    }, {
      "conf" : 1.000000,
      "end" : 1.530000,
      "start" : 1.110000,
      "word" : "zero"
    }, {
      "conf" : 1.000000,
      "end" : 1.920000,
      "start" : 1.530000,
      "word" : "zero"
    }, {
      "conf" : 1.000000,
      "end" : 2.310000,
      "start" : 1.920000,
      "word" : "zero"
    }, {
      "conf" : 1.000000,
      "end" : 2.610000,
      "start" : 2.310000,
      "word" : "one"
    }],
  "text" : "one zero zero zero one"
}
{
  "result" : [{
      "conf" : 0.590374,
      "end" : 4.110000,
      "start" : 3.930000,
      "word" : "nah"
    }, {
      "conf" : 0.712806,
      "end" : 4.290000,
      "start" : 4.110000,
      "word" : "no"
    }, {
      "conf" : 0.719885,
      "end" : 4.560000,
      "start" : 4.290000,
      "word" : "to"
    }, {
      "conf" : 0.488564,
      "end" : 4.620000,
      "start" : 4.560000,
      "word" : "i"
    }, {
      "conf" : 0.763203,
      "end" : 4.980000,
      "start" : 4.620000,
      "word" : "know"
    }],
  "text" : "nah no to i know"
}
zero one eight zero three

运行成功，则说明环境搭建成功。

三、特别注意事项

1、切记要把代码分支切换到v0.3.45

如果不进行切换将会有如下错误信息：

C:\Program Files\Go\pkg\tool\windows_amd64\link.exe: running gcc failed: exit status 1
E:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\go-link-305265749\000001.o: in function `_cgo_7d77243707f6_Cfunc_vosk_recognizer_set_endpointer_delays':
/tmp/go-build/cgo-gcc-prolog:303:(.text+0x2b6): undefined reference to `vosk_recognizer_set_endpointer_delays'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

2、需要设置好环境变量

3、window下要将如下代码注释删除，不然无法正确运行

D:\source\vosk-api\go\example>go run . -f test.wav
# github.com/alphacep/vosk-api/go/example
C:\Program Files\Go\pkg\tool\windows_amd64\link.exe: running gcc failed: exit status 1
E:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/15.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -ldl: No such file or directory
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

需要删除vosk.go上这行注释
// #cgo LDFLAGS: -L ${SRCDIR}/…/src -lvosk -ldl -lpthread
-ldl 这个链接是在linux上存在的，window上运行会报错