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07年6月英语四级考试模拟试卷套装是本站特为180余所试点院校考生专门设计的一整套新颖、有效，紧扣考试大纲的新英语四级模拟测试题，现将测试题一贡献给广大考生：

07年6月英语四级考试模拟试卷（一）

Part one Writing

Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .

Sounds

1)The world is filled with many sounds _____________

2)Some sounds are useful __________

3)But some sounds are harmful _________

Part twoListening Comprehension (20 minutes)

Section A

Directions :In this section ,you will hear 10 short conversations .At the end of each conversation ,a question will be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause .During the pause ,you must read the four choice marked A) , B) , C) , D) , and decide which is the best answer .Then mark the corresponding letter on the sheet with a line through the center.

Example : You will hear:

You will read : A) At the office . B) In the waiting room .

C) At the airport . D) In a restaurant .

From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening . This is most likely to have taken place at the office . Therefore , A) “ At the office” is the best answer . You should choose 【A】on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.

Sample Answer 〔/A〕〔B〕〔C〕〔D〕

1.A) Leave the classroom . B) Do his homework alone .

C) Submit the report. D) Revise the report .

2.A) She could use his car . B) She let him drive .

C) She always drives cars of others . D) It’s possible for her to rent a car .

3.A) He has been asked fore the book . B) He keeps buying books .

C) He’s forgetful . D) He has a lot of time .

4.A)Helen will find a way . B)He’s been unable to ask Helen .

C)Helen’s leaving .D)He’ll make up his mind .

5.A)He can’t find the ticket . B)He prefers to stand .

C)The ball is expected to be crowded . D) He wants to sit close to the stage .

6.A)His new job is disappointing .

B)He wanted to hire someone to do the job for him .

C)He hasn’t made an appointment for the interview .

D)He’s discouraged as he didn’t get the job .

7.A)The article was actually longer . B)The newspaper printed his other paper .

C)He’s just begun writing for the newspaper .

D)The article deals with books .

8.A)Everyone has left . B)There are no tickets for the Early snow .

C)The tickets have been sold . D)The ticket line is on the left .

9.A)His car’s in good condition . B) He prefers to go on foot .

C)He will take them if he can . D) He’s willing to lend them the car .

10.A)There problems won’t be on the exam .

B)He would like some help .

C) There is one point he doesn’t understand .

D)He can’t learn the material .

2007年6月英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案（一）

文章整理:四六级考试天空 来源： 作者： 发布时间： 2007-05-15

Section B Spot Dictation Directions : In this section ,you will hear a passage three times . When the passage is read for the first time ,you should listen carefully for its general idea . Then listen to the passage again . When the passage is read for the second time , you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11 to 20 with the exact words you have just heard . Finally , when the passage is read for the third time , you should check what you have written . The very success of communications satellite systems has raised widespread concern about their future . Some countries are already using satellite fro _11_ communications in place of _12_tellephone lines on land . Although this technique is extremely useful for linking widely _13_villages in )_14_or _15_ regions ,in heavily build up areas with _16_ telephone and telegraph systems , domestic satellites (or domsats ) are seen by the land line network as unfair _17_ _18_ such opposition , domsats are gaining support from many _19_ and public interest groups in the United States and seem likely to be more widely _20_ in the future . Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35 minutes ) Directions : There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center . Question 21 to 35 are based on the following passage . The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .” All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent () and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society. 21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation . A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C) about 60 couples D) about 30 couples 22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ? A)The beat generation refused to do any duty B)The beat generation was in support of almost everything traditional . C)The beat generation believes no one except that he is over thirty . D)The beat generation’s ideas were not impractical . 23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probably means ______. A)a state of mind against realism B) a state of mind doubting everything in existence. C)a theory advocating mutual help E)a theory advocating individualism 24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____. A) they had no interest B) they found hard to cooperation with it B)the laws block their way to do so . D) they thought their need was neglected . 25. This passage is mainly about _____. A)the young Americans B) the generation gap . B)the education of the young D) an American social phenomenon Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage . Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in its own way . First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly . 26. Pruning should be done to _____. A)make the tree grow taller . B) does not protect them form the wind B)get rid of the small branches D) make the small branches thicker . 27. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener_______ A)allows too many branches to grow in the middle B)does not protect them from the wind C)forces them grow too quickly D)damages some of the small side branches. 28 . Why is a special substance painted on the tree ? A)to make a wound smooth . B)to prevent disease entering a wound . B)to cover a rough surface . D) to help a wound to dry . 29. A good gardener prunes tree ____ A) at intervals throughout the year B) as quickly as possible C) occasionally when necessary D) regularly every winter 30 . What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ? A)to give practical instruction for pruning a tree B)to give a gardener description of pruning C)to explain how trees develop disease D)to discuss different methods of pruning

Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage .

On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays . It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone .

At six o’clock she came home , let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house ? How ? Had someone got in ? She checked the back door and the windows . All were locked or fastened , as usual . There was no sign of forced entry .

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps . So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened . Was anyone watching her movements ? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time , dressed as usual , but she didn’t go to the club . Instead she took a short cut home again , letting herself in through her garden and the back door . She settled down to wait .

It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang . Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time . The bell rang again , and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open . With the kettle of boiling water in her hand , she moved quietly towards the front door . A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box , and then a hand . The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs.Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand . These was a shout outside , and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove . The wire fell to the floor , the band was pulled back , and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet .

31.Mrs.Clarke looked forward to Thursday because ___________.

A)She worked at a club on Thursday B) She had visitors on Thursday

C) She visited a club on Thursday D) a special visitor came on Thursday

32. If someone had made a forced entry ______.

A)Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window .

B)He or she was still in the house

C)Things would have been thrown about

D)He or she would have needed a master key

33.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out _____.

A)because she didn’t want to miss the club again

B)to see if the thief was hanging about outside

C)to the club but then changed her mind

D)in an attempt to trick the thief

34.The lock on the front door was one which _____.

A)needed a piece of wire to open it B)could be opened from outside without a key

C) couldn’t be opened without a key D) used a knob instead of a key

35. The wire fell to the floor _______.

A)because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door B) when the man’s glove dropped off

C) because it was too hot to hold D) because the man just wanted to get away

Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage .

Disney World , Florida , is the biggest amusement resort in the world . It covers 24.4 thousand acres , and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1 , 1971 , five years later Walt Disney’s death , and it is a larger , slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles . Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musical background .

There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World . It attracts people of most taste and most income groups , and people of all ages , from toddlers to grandpas . There are two expensive hotels , a golf course , and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing . But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom .

Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake . In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle , which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials . Even getting to the Magic Kingdom ’s is quite and adventure . You have a choice of transportation . You can either cross the lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler , or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train .

When you reach the terminal , you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century . There are modern shops inside the buildings ,but all the decades are of the period . There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers , and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus . Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom , you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads . This is how the shops , restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisibly supplied .

36. In which year did Walt Disney die ?

A)1971 B) 1976 C )1966 D)1900

37. The main attraction of Disney World is _____.

A)the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) Donald Duck D) The Magic World

38. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is _______.

A)Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D) easy

39. When one visits the biggest amusement in the world , one will find _____.

A)it is relatively cheap B) it is very expensive C) it just wastes his time D) it is vulgar

40 .Why is Disney World the most famous amusement resort ?

A)It is funny B) It is interesting C) It is the biggest one D) It is the most expensiveIII Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes )

Directions : There are 30 inco9mplete sentence in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , and D) . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .

41. The number of _____ species increases every year as natural habitats disappear .

A.dangerous B .serious C. endangered D. hazardous

42. Aluminum as well as most metals _____.

A.is a good conductor B. is a good insulator C. are good conductors D. are good insulators

43. Outline are used most often to ______the contents of long complex papers before the actual writing begins .

A.sketch B. illustrate C. draw D. describe

44. There are ten on the list , so you are _______.

A . an eleventh B . the eleventh C . an eleven D . eleven

45. To get a high score ______.

A . working hard is needed B . one must work hard .

C . working hard is very important D . requirement is what needed

46 . “ I’m tired , but let’s go”

“ Why ____ rest a while ?”

A.let’s B. not let’s C . not D . let’s not

47. I shall never allow you to marry the poor girl and you are not may son if you _____.

A . have B . married C . do not D . do

48. He is _____ of a musician .

A . anybody B. anyone C . somebody D . something

49. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London to protect himself from_____ he had conquered .

A . those B . each other C . them D . it

50 . I probably know him _____ but not _____ .

A . by the sight …By name B . by a sight … by name

C . by sight … by name D . by the sight … by the name

51 . I want an assistant with _____ little knowledge of French and ____ experience of office routine .

A . the … a B . the … an C . a … the D . a … an

52. She killed him not because she loved him less but ______.

A . she loved the country more B . loved the country more

C . loving the country more D. because she loved the country more

53. Then _____ of that time when he was cowboy .

A . Comes the memory B . came the memory

C. the memory comes D . the memory came

54. Busy ____ he is , he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule .

A . because B . as C . no matter how D . although

55. No sooner had he found his purse missing _____ he cried and shouted loudly .

A . when B . than C . before D . while

56 . Children , we have to _____ what we have now and it is for you to get better things in the future .

A. make up for B . run away with C . do away with D . put up with

57. Mr. Jack _____volleyball in the afternoon , but now his leg wounded , ____ in the evening .

A . used to play … is used to taking a walk B . used to playing … is used to take a walk

C . was used to playing … used to taking a walk D. was used to play … used to take a walk

58. I wonder what the boy will ____ such a sum of money .

A . do up B . do with C . do for D . do to

59. Do you object _____with you tonight ?

A . that B . for my staying C . to that I shall stay D . to my staying

60. We must ____ the telegram arrived in time .

A . secure B . assure C . ensure D . certify

61. If only I _____ the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture .

A . read B . have read C . had read D . could have read

62. While crossing the mountain areas , all the men had guns for protection lest they _____by the local bandits .

A . be attacked B . were attacked C . must be attacked D . would be attacked

63 . He burned all the important documents ____ that they should fall into the enemy’s hands .

A . unless B . for fear C . until D . so

64. Up went the prices , ______.

A . down the living standard come B . the living standard came down

C . came down the living standard D . down came the living standard

65. Although he is more serious _____ his studied than I am , my grades are better than his .

A . with B . for C . about D . at

66. People can _____ new ideas which nobody ever considered before .

A . came into B . come up with C . come out D . come along with

67．During their first teacher-training year , the students often visited local schools for the ____ of lessons .

A. observation B. observance C. investigation D. inspection

68. Old men sat on the park benches , waiting the village youths ____football .

A. play B. playing C. to play D. played

69. The science of medicine , _____ progress has been very rapid lately , is perhaps the most important of all science .

A. to which B . with which C. in which D . among which

70. They were just going to give up the question , _____ suddenly they found the answer .

A. when B. after C. unless D. unless Writing

Sounds

The world is filled with many sounds . Everyday we are surrounded by all kinds , such as music and noise .

Some sounds are useful . Among these useful sound , music is very important . Music brings a lot of pleasure to us and makes our lives colorful . Of course , there are also other useful sounds . Such as whistles of police car which inform us to give way to emergency .

But some sounds as harmful . For example , the noise made by the loudspeaker of a car can disturb our peaceful lives . Therefore , in some cities , cars are forbidden to blow whistles .

In the end , we hope the world can be filled with more useful sounds and less harmful sounds .
Listening Comprehension

2007年6月英语四级考试作文方向预测 2007-06-13 13:34:00　　来源：腾讯教育　　编辑：贞云　　进入社区论坛

1．支教活动在中国 Aid Education in China. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。 2. 支教活动的意义。3. 我的看法。 Each year, college students, encouraged to aid students in the poverty—stricken areas, volunteer themselves in poor villages for a year and try to improve education in poor areas. Aid—education has been beneficial in two aspects. On the one hand, college volunteers are really devoted to the cause. They have opened the eyes of students in underdeveloped regions to the outside world by bringing them new knowledge and thoughts. As a result, they are extremely well—received by the children there. On the other hand, college students have received a rigorous training by adapting to the harsh living conditions. They are enjoying the appreciation and no—distance friendship from the children. What’s more, they are greatly inspired by the moving and tireless spirit of the children. In my opinion, China ’s educational development can’t be isolated from each individual and we college students should take the lead in response to the appeal for offering aid to children in poor areas

2．申请奖学金 Dear Sir： I am writing to you in the hope of obtaining the scholarship in Chemisty that our department announced to offer last Wendesday to support my research work. Would you please send me the necessary application froms and any further details about the scholarships. As a current undergraduate student in our school, I have been lucky enough to have the wonderful chances to work with many exellent professors who not only showed me the fascinating aspects of Chemisty, but also increased my understanding on this subject greatly Through two years study in Chemistry, I have been working hard. In my study and research, I have already published three essays on the World Book Publishing House for the last two years. I would like to keep focusing on this field for my advanced studies. Enclosed please find three letters of recommendation and my resume.Thank you for your time and consideration.I look forward to your reply. Respectfully yours, Li Ming

3.环保问题 Though it may be hard for some people to willingly accept, no one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, can deny that the world we live in is becoming increasingly intolerable because of the effects of global warming. Even worse, the attention we paid to it is so inadequate that, according to my experts, even greater impacts are still on the way. There are numerous causes for this problem, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. On the one hand, the theory and evidence that I have seen all seems to strongly suggest that human-related emissions of carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem. This global warming is on such a scale that it will influence both poor and rich countries. It could even make large sections of the earth uninhabitable. It is urgent that immediate and effetive actions should be taken right away. First, more trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environment. Besides, stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel resources have to be put into effect and achieved good results. As an individual, there are lots way to reduce the global warming: to ride a bike instead of a car,to use environmental plastic bags and so on. In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for granted again . 相关材料(This is a global issue, it need everyone who stay on the only earth to consider it, solve it together. In order to protect our home, we do as many as we can to reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to stop the temperature rising. Among such a huge population on this planet, some have a conscience of responsibility to protect the environment, whilst others only care about their interests and ignore possible impacts upon environment.)

5. 体育锻炼，迎接奥运 Everyone in China these days seems to be concerned with their physical fitness, and everyone’s talking about getting in shape, but the truth is that most adult Chinese do not exercise on a regular basis. And yet, to feel good, look our best and live longer, fuller lives, regular exercise is a must Exercise on a regular basis can be beneficial in many ways. First, there are the obvious physical advantages such as appearance, strength, endurance, and an overall healthier lifestyle. There are also the not-so obvious physical advantages such as the prevention of diseases and some kinds of cancer, and the reduction of hypertension. Regular exercise is also good for an overall healthy mental outlook. It relieves stress, and people who have a regular exercise lead happier and healthier lives than those who do not. Finally, exercise can increase your academic performance. That is, research has shown that schools with good physical education programs have students that score higher on tests than those with poor or no physical education programs at all. 关于奥运： The Olympic Games provide us with an opportunity to develop many urban projects and creative industries which are key to city development. Development is a long-term objective while the Games are a one-off project. The city and its industries will remain when the games are over. Therefore, when we do our planning, we should start from the point of urban needs and industrial development, then think about how to adapt them for the Olympic games, not the other way round As the quardennially-held games, Olympic Games is the world's most popular sporting event, many local citizens are afraid that they cannot afford to watch the competitions.The government should take into consideration "the situations of China " when setting the prices. Except for the opening and closing ceremonies and a few popular events, the majority of tickets will be very, very cheap so that all Chinese have a chance to come and watch the Games. Hosting the Olympic Games can provide a city with a unique opportunity to increase its international profile, refurbish itself in preparation for the Games and develop a lasting community spirit. The development of well-considered Games infrastructure can bring a lasting legacy to the local community and help host cities grow into centres of national and international event activity.

Part I Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在 答题卡 1 上。


Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 .
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Landfills

You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don/'t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don/'t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled ( 回收利用 ) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.

How Much Trash Is Generated?
Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.
How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries ( United Kingdom , Canada , Germany , France and Japan ) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.

What Is a Landfill?
There are two ways to bury trash:
· Dump – an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)
· Landfill – carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
o Sanitary landfill – landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
o Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill – landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.
The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.

Proposing the Landfill
For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.
In the United States , taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:
· the area of land necessary for the landfill
· the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock
· the flow of surface water over the site
· the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife
· the historical value of the proposed site

Building the Landfill
Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.

What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?
Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!

How Is a Landfill Operated?
A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.
Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.
As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.
Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.
Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane. Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。

11. A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B) The man hasn/'t finished working on the bookshelf.
C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.
D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.


12. A) Save time by using a computer. C) Borrow Martha/'s computer.
B) Buy her own computer. D) Stay home and complete her paper.


13. A) He has been to Seattle many times. C) He holds a high position in his company.
B) He has chaired a lot of conferences. D) He lived in Seattle for many years.


14. A) Teacher and student. C) Manager and office worker.

B) Doctor and patient. D) Travel agent and customer.


15. A) She knows the guy who will give the lecture.
B) She thinks the lecture might be informative.
C) She wants to add something to her lecture.
D) She/'ll finish her report this weekend.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.


23. A) Searching for reference material. C) Writing a course book.
B) Watching a film of the 1930s/'. D) Looking for a job in a movie studio.


24. A) It/'s too broad to cope with. C) It/'s controversial.
B) It/'s a bit outdated. D) It/'s of little practical value.


25. A) At the end of the online catalogue.
B) At the Reference Desk.
C) In The New York Times .
D) In the Reader/'s Guide to Periodical Literature .

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.


26. A) Synthetic fuel. C) Alcohol.
B) Solar energy. D) Electricity.


27. A) Air traffic conditions. C) Road conditions.
B) Traffic jams on highways. D) New traffic rules.


28. A) Go through a health check. C) Arrive early for boarding.
B) Take little luggage with them. D) Undergo security checks.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.


29. A) Beauty. C) Luck.
B) Loyalty. D) Durability.


30. A) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country.
B) He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage.
C) It was thought that a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart.
D) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good luck.


31. A) The two people can learn about each other/'s likes and dislikes.
B) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match.
C) The two people can have time to shop for their new home.
D) The two people can earn enough money for their wedding.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.


32. A) Because there are no signs to direct them.
B) Because no tour guides are available.
C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.
D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.

33. A) They set their own exams. C) They award their own degrees.
B) They select their own students. D) They organize their own laboratory work.

34. A) Most of them have a long history.
B) Many of them are specialized libraries.
C) They house more books than any other university library.
D) They each have a copy of every book published in Britain .

35. A) Very few of them are engaged in research.
B) They were not awarded degrees until 1948.
C) They have outnumbered male students.
D) They were not treated equally until 1881.


Section C


Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题在 答题卡 2 上；请在 答题卡 2 上作答。
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.


When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic , he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a 47 . “I couldn/'t understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 49 Spanish. “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual education to treat his patients.
Roberto/'s story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas , bilingual students 55 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico , Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%. In El Paso , bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.

注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。

A) wonder

B) acquired

C) consistently

D) regained

E) nightmare

F) native

G) acceptance

H) effective

I) hid

J) prominent

K) decent

L) countless

M) recalled

N) breakthrough

O) automatically

 

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.


Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
“Tear /'em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee ( 裁判 )!”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let/'s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations ( 含义 ) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”; “enemy”; “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one/'s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player/'s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent/'s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated ( 提升 ) the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”


注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。
57. Which of the following statements best expresses the author/'s view?
A) The words people use can influence their behavior.
B) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
C) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.


58. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.
A) are too eager to win
B) treat their rivals as enemies
C) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
D) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitions


59. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
B) He refused to continue the game.
C) He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.


60. According to the passage, players in a game may ________.
A) kick the ball across the court with force
B) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
C) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
D) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game


61. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.
A) regulating the relationship between players and referees
B) calling on players to use clean language on the court
C) raising the referees/' sense of responsibility
D) changing the attitude of players on the sports field


Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ( 保护区 ) (ANWR) to help secure America/'s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR/'s oil would help ease California/'s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country/'s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall ( 意外之财 ) in tax revenues, royalties ( 开采权使用费 ) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We/'ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America/'s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR/'s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State/'s electricity output – and just 3% of the nation/'s.


注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。
62. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A) It will increase America/'s energy consumption.
B) It will exhaust the nation/'s oil reserves.
C) It will help reduce the nation/'s oil imports.
D) It will help secure the future of ANWR.


63. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ________.
A) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
B) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
C) tends to exaggerate America/'s reliance on foreign oil
D) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields


64. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ________.
A) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
C) it can cause serious damage to the environment
D) it will not have much commercial value


65. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para. 3)?
A) Don/'t be too optimistic.
B) Don/'t expect fast returns.
C) The oil drilling should be delayed.
D) Oil exploitation takes a long time.


66. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR/'s frozen earth ________.
A) involves a lot of technological problems
B) remains a controversial issue
C) is expected to get under way soon
D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

 

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡 2 上作答。
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 67 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 68 you money or can add 69 the cost. Take the 70 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 71 that you are making the 72 buy if you choose one 73 look you like and which is also the cheapest 74 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 75 twice as long as a more expensive 76 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 77 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you 78 when you go out shopping? If you 79 your home, your car or any valuable 80 in excellent condition, you/'ll be saving money in the long 81 . Before you buy a new 82 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 83 . Before you buy an expensive 84 , or a service, do check the price and 85 is on offer. If possible, choose 86 three items or three estimates.
67. A) form C) way
B) fashion D) method


68. A) save C) raise
B) preserve D) retain


69. A) up C) in
B) to D) on


70. A) easy C) simple
B) single D) similar


71. A) convince C) examine
B) accept D) think


72. A) proper C) reasonable
B) best D) most


73. A) its C) whose
B) which D) what


74. A) for C) in
B) with D) on


75. A) spends C) lasts
B) takes D) consumes


76. A) mode C) sample
B) copy D) model


77. A) cause C) leave
B) make D) bring


78. A) adopt C) stick
B) lay D) adapt


79. A) reserve C) store
B) decorate D) keep


80. A) products C) material
B) possession D) ownership


81. A) run C) period
B) interval D) time


82. A) appliance C) utility
B) machinery D) facility


83. A) function C) target
B) purpose D) task


84. A) component C) item
B) element D) particle


85. A) what C) that
B) which D) this


86. A) of C) by
B) in D) from

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
注意：此部分试题在 答题卡 2 上；请在 答题卡 2 上作答。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. Y 2. Y 3. N 4. N 5. Y

6. N 7. NG

• municipalities and construction companies

• $10 to $40

• drop-off stations

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B

16. C 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B

21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D

Section B

26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C

31. B 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. B

Section C

36. effort 37. officials 38. negotiate 39. balanced

40. competition 41. exchange 42. process 43. environmental

• These “greenhouse gases” trap heat in the atmosphere and are blamed for changing the world/'s climate.

• But currently, nations producing only 44 percent have approved the Protocol. Russia produces about 17 percent of the world/'s greenhouse gases.

• To join the W.T.O., a country must reach trade agreements with major trading countries that are also W.T.O. members.


Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. E 48. I 49. F 50. D 51. J

52. B 53. L 54. H 55. C 56. G

Section B

57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C 61. D

62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. B

Part V Cloze

67. C 68. A 69. B 70. C 71. D

72. B 73. C 74. C 75. B 76. D

77. B 78. A 79. D 80. B 81. A

82. A 83. B 84. C 85. A 86. D

Part VI Translation

• whether (it is) heated or not

• did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me

• compared with mine/in comparison with mine

• half as much (money)

• to attribute their children/'s success to力原文

Tape Script of Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.


11. W: Simon, could you return the tools I lent you for building the bookshelf last month?
M: Uh, well, I hate to tell you this … but I can/'t seem to find them.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?


12. W: I/'m going to Martha/'s house. I have a paper to complete, and I need to use her computer.
M: Why don/'t you buy one yourself? Think how much time you could save.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?


13. W: Bob said that Seattle is a great place for conferences.
M: He/'s certainly in a position to make that comment. He/'s been there so often.
Q: What does the man say about Bob?


14. W: Mr. Watson, I wonder whether it/'s possible for me to take a vacation early next month .
M: Did you fill out a request form?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?


15. M: Do you want to go to the lecture this weekend? I hear the guy who/'s going to deliver the lecture spent a year living in the rain forest.
W: Great! I/'m doing a report on the rain forest. Maybe I can get some new information to add to it.
Q: What does the woman mean?


16. W: Wow! I do like this campus: all the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns . It/'s really beautiful.
M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the eighteenth century here.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?

17. M: This article is nothing but advertising for housing developers. I don/'t think the houses for sale are half that good.
W: Come on, David. Why so negative? We/'re thinking of buying a home, aren/'t we? Just a trip to look at the place won/'t cost us much.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?


18. M: Would you pass me the sports section, please?
W: Sure, if you give me the classified ads and local news section.
Q: What are the speakers doing?


Now you/'ll hear two long conversations.


Conversation One
W: Hello, Gary . How/'re you?
M: Fine! And yourself?
W: Can/'t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?
M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W: Sure. I/'ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should/'ve been installed long ago.
M: How much will that cost?
W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.
M: OK. We/'ll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I/'ve been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.
M: And what/'s the picture?
W: We/'ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.
M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M: TV? Isn/'t that a bit too expensive for us? What/'s wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?
W: Quite frankly, it/'s just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W: I/'ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.
M: We/'ll have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.
W: All right. I/'ll see to it.


Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
• What are the two speakers talking about?
• What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
• What does the woman suggest about human resources?
• Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?

Conversation Two


W: Sir, you/'ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you?
M: Well, I/'ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I/'m really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and I just don/'t know where to begin.
W: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why don/'t you narrow it down to something like … uh … the history of the studios during that time?
M: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more than 30 books came up when I typed in “movie studios.”
W: You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want. Try adding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age.”
M: “Golden Age” is a good idea. Let me type that in …. Hey, look, just 6 books this time. That/'s a lot better.
W: Oh … another thing you might consider … have you tried looking for any magazine or newspaper articles?
M: No, I/'ve only been searching for books.
W: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader/'s Guide to Periodical Literature . And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there. You might go through their indexes to see if there/'s anything you want.
M: Okay. I think I/'ll get started with these books and then I/'ll go over the magazines.
W: If you need any help, I/'ll be over at the Reference Desk.
M: Great, thanks a lot.


Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
• What is the man doing?
• What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on?
• Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today. Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars. So in a few years people won/'t worry about running out of gas.
Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this new technology. F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a press conference next week. At the press conference the company will present its new, electronically operated models.
Transportation in the future won/'t be limited to the ground. Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky. In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.
But the sky isn/'t the limit. In the future, you/'ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon. Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you/'ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes. Please check your equipment. And remember, no more than ten ounces of carry-on baggage are allowed.”


Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
• What will be used to power cars in the next few decades?
• What will future news reports focus on when talking about transportation?
• What is the special requirement for passengers traveling to the moon?

Passage Two



Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
• What was the diamond ring said to represent?
• Why did the Austrian man place the diamond ring on the third finger of the left hand of his would-be wife?
• What is the chief advantage of having the engagement period?

Passage Three

“Where is the university?” is a question many visitors to Cambridge ask, but no one could point them in any one direction because there is no campus. The university consists of thirty-one self-governing colleges. It has lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, museums and offices throughout the city.
Individual colleges choose their own students, who have to meet the minimum entrance requirements set by the university. Undergraduates usually live and study in their colleges, where they are taught in very small groups. Lectures, and laboratory and practical work are organized by the university and held in university buildings.
There are over 10,000 undergraduates and 3,500 postgraduates. About forty percent of them are women and some eight percent from overseas. As well as teaching, research is of major importance. Since the beginning of the 20th century more than sixty university members have won Nobel prizes.
The university has a huge number of buildings for teaching and research. It has more than sixty specialist subject libraries, as well as the University Library, which, as a copyright library, is entitled to a copy of every book published in Britain .
Examinations are set and degrees are awarded by the university. It allowed women to take the university exams in 1881, but it was not until 1948 that they were awarded degrees.


Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
• Why is it difficult for visitors to locate Cambridge University ?
• What does the passage tell us about the colleges of Cambridge University ?
• What can be learned from the passage about the libraries in Cambridge University ?
• What does the passage say about women students in Cambridge University ?


Section C


Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Russia is the largest economic power that is not a member of the World Trade Organization. But that may change. Last Friday, the European Union said it would support Russia/'s (36) effort to become a W.T.O. member.
Representatives of the European Union met with Russian (37) officials in Moscow . They signed a trade agreement that took six years to (38) negotiate .
Russia called the trade agreement (39) balanced . It agreed to slowly increase fuel prices within the country. It also agreed to permit (40) competition in its communications industry and to remove some barriers to trade.
In (41) exchange for European support to join the W.T.O., Russian President Putin said that Russia would speed up the (42) process to approve the Kyoto Protocol, an international (43) environmental agreement to reduce the production of harmful industrial gases. (44) These “greenhouse gases” trap heat in the atmosphere and are blamed for changing the world/'s climate .
Russia had signed the Kyoto Protocol, but has not yet approved it. The agreement takes effect when it has been approved by nations that produce at least 55 percent of the world/'s greenhouse gases . (45) But currently, nations producing only 44 percent have approved the Protocol. Russia produces about 17 percent of the world/'s greenhouse gases . The United States , the world/'s biggest producer, withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol after President Bush took office in 2001. So, Russia/'s approval is required to put the Kyoto Protocol into effect.
(46) To join the W.T.O., a country must reach trade agreements with major trading countries that are also W.T.O. members . Russia must still reach agreements with China , Japan , South Korea and the United States .

The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decide to spend their lives together.
The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a diamond ring to the woman he wanted to marry. The diamond represented beauty. He placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that a blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart. Today, we know that this is not true. Yet the tradition continues.
Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year if they are planning a wedding ceremony and party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride gifts that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing.
Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only men are invited to the bachelor party.
During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and engagement ring on the same finger. The husband wears his ring on the third finger of his left hand.
Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure they want to marry each other. Either person may decide to break the engagement. If this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the man; they also return any wedding gifts they have received