MIME文件类型了解

 

最早的HTTP协议中,并没有附加的数据类型信息,所有传送的数据都被客户程序解释为超文本标记语言HTML 文档,而为了支持多媒体数据类型,HTTP协议中就使用了附加在文档之前的MIME数据类型信息来标识数据类型。  MIME意为多目Internet邮件扩展,它设计的最初目的是为了在发送电子邮件时附加多媒体数据,让邮件客户程序能根据其类型进行处理。然而当它被HTTP协议支持之后,它的意义就更为显著了。它使得HTTP传输的不仅是普通的文本,而变得丰富多彩。  每个MIME类型由两部分组成,前面是数据的大类别,例如声音audio、图象image等,后面定义具体的种类。  常见的MIME类型  超文本标记语言文本 .html text/html  xml文档 .xml text/xml  XHTML文档 .xhtml application/xhtml+xml  普通文本 .txt text/plain  RTF文本 .rtf application/rtf  PDF文档 .pdf application/pdf  Microsoft Word文件 .word application/msword  PNG图像 .png image/png  GIF图形 .gif image/gif  JPEG图形 .jpeg,.jpg image/jpeg  au声音文件 .au audio/basic  MIDI音乐文件 mid,.midi audio/midi,audio/x-midi  RealAudio音乐文件 .ra, .ram audio/x-pn-realaudio  MPEG文件 .mpg,.mpeg video/mpeg  AVI文件 .avi video/x-msvideo  GZIP文件 .gz application/x-gzip  TAR文件 .tar application/x-tar  任意的二进制数据 application/octet-stream  Internet中有一个专门组织IANA来确认标准的MIME类型,但Internet发展的太快,很多应用程序等不及IANA来确认他们使用的MIME类型为标准类型。因此他们使用在类别中以x-开头的方法标识这个类别还没有成为标准,例如:x-gzip,x-tar等。事实上这些类型运用的很广泛,已经成为了事实标准。只要客户机和服务器共同承认这个MIME类型,即使它是不标准的类型也没有关系,客户程序就能根据MIME类型,采用具体的处理手段来处理数据。而Web服务器和浏览器(包括操作系统)中,缺省都设置了标准的和常见的MIME类型,只有对于不常见的 MIME类型,才需要同时设置服务器和客户浏览器,以进行识别。  由于MIME类型与文档的后缀相关,因此服务器使用文档的后缀来区分不同文件的MIME类型,服务器中必须定义文档后缀和MIME类型之间的对应关系。而客户程序从服务器上接收数据的时候,它只是从服务器接受数据流,并不了解文档的名字,因此服务器必须使用附加信息来告诉客户程序数据的MIME类型。服务器在发送真正的数据之前,就要先发送标志数据的MIME类型的信息,这个信息使用Content-type关键字进行定义,例如对于HTML文档,服务器将首先发送以下两行MIME标识信息,这个标识并不是真正的数据文件的一部分。  Content-type: text/html  注意,第二行为一个空行,这是必须的,使用这个空行的目的是将MIME信息与真正的数据内容分隔开。  MIME利用了一个事实就是,RFC 822在消息体的内容中做了一点限制:唯一的限制就是只能使用简单的ASCII文本。所以,MIME信息由正常的Internet文本邮件组成,文本邮件拥有一些特别的符合RFC 822的信息头和格式化过的信息体(用ASCII 的子集来表示的附件)。这些MIME头给出了一种在邮件中表示附件的特别的方法。

格式前面为后辍名,后面为对应的MIME型(例如:rar application/x-rar-compressed 表示.RAR对应的是application/x-rar-compressed )  application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3  3gp video/3gpp  aab application/x-authoware-bin  aam application/x-authoware-map  aas application/x-authoware-seg  ai application/postscript  aif audio/x-aiff  aifc audio/x-aiff  aiff audio/x-aiff  als audio/X-Alpha5  amc application/x-mpeg  ani application/octet-stream  asc text/plain  asd application/astound  asf video/x-ms-asf  asn application/astound  asp application/x-asap  asx video/x-ms-asf  au audio/basic  avb application/octet-stream  avi video/x-msvideo  awb audio/amr-wb  bcpio application/x-bcpio  bin application/octet-stream  bld application/bld  bld2 application/bld2  bmp application/x-MS-bmp  bpk application/octet-stream  bz2 application/x-bzip2  cal image/x-cals  ccn application/x-cnc  cco application/x-cocoa  cdf application/x-netcdf  cgi magnus-internal/cgi  chat application/x-chat  class application/octet-stream  clp application/x-msclip  cmx application/x-cmx  co application/x-cult3d-object  cod image/cis-cod  cpio application/x-cpio  cpt application/mac-compactpro  crd application/x-mscardfile  csh application/x-csh  csm chemical/x-csml  csml chemical/x-csml  css text/css  cur application/octet-stream  dcm x-lml/x-evm  dcr application/x-director  dcx image/x-dcx  dhtml text/html  dir application/x-director  dll application/octet-stream  dmg application/octet-stream  dms application/octet-stream  doc application/msword  dot application/x-dot  dvi application/x-dvi  dwf drawing/x-dwf  dwg application/x-autocad  dxf application/x-autocad  dxr application/x-director  ebk application/x-expandedbook  emb chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide  embl chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide  eps application/postscript  eri image/x-eri  es audio/echospeech  esl audio/echospeech  etc application/x-earthtime  etx text/x-setext  evm x-lml/x-evm  evy application/x-envoy  exe application/octet-stream  fh4 image/x-freehand  fh5 image/x-freehand  fhc image/x-freehand  fif image/fif  fm application/x-maker  fpx image/x-fpx  fvi video/isivideo  gau chemical/x-gaussian-input  gca application/x-gca-compressed  gdb x-lml/x-gdb  gif image/gif  gps application/x-gps  gtar application/x-gtar  gz application/x-gzip  hdf application/x-hdf  hdm text/x-hdml  hdml text/x-hdml  hlp application/winhlp  hqx application/mac-binhex40  htm text/html  html text/html  hts text/html  ice x-conference/x-cooltalk  ico application/octet-stream  ief image/ief  ifm image/gif  ifs image/ifs  imy audio/melody  ins application/x-NET-Install  ips application/x-ipscript  ipx application/x-ipix  it audio/x-mod  itz audio/x-mod  ivr i-world/i-vrml  j2k image/j2k  jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor  jam application/x-jam  jar application/java-archive  jnlp application/x-java-jnlp-file  jpe image/jpeg  jpeg image/jpeg  jpg image/jpeg  jpz image/jpeg  js application/x-javascript  jwc application/jwc  kjx application/x-kjx  lak x-lml/x-lak  latex application/x-latex  lcc application/fastman  lcl application/x-digitalloca  lcr application/x-digitalloca  lgh application/lgh  lha application/octet-stream  lml x-lml/x-lml  lmlpack x-lml/x-lmlpack  lsf video/x-ms-asf  lsx video/x-ms-asf  lzh application/x-lzh  m13 application/x-msmediaview  m14 application/x-msmediaview  m15 audio/x-mod  m3u audio/x-mpegurl  m3url audio/x-mpegurl  ma1 audio/ma1  ma2 audio/ma2  ma3 audio/ma3  ma5 audio/ma5  man application/x-troff-man  map magnus-internal/imagemap  mbd application/mbedlet  mct application/x-mascot  mdb application/x-msaccess  mdz audio/x-mod  me application/x-troff-me  mel text/x-vmel  mi application/x-mif  mid audio/midi  midi audio/midi  mif application/x-mif  mil image/x-cals  mio audio/x-mio  mmf application/x-skt-lbs  mng video/x-mng  mny application/x-msmoney  moc application/x-mocha  mocha application/x-mocha  mod audio/x-mod  mof application/x-yumekara  mol chemical/x-mdl-molfile  mop chemical/x-mopac-input  mov video/quicktime  movie video/x-sgi-movie  mp2 audio/x-mpeg  mp3 audio/x-mpeg  mp4 video/mp4  mpc application/vnd.mpohun.certificate  mpe video/mpeg  mpeg video/mpeg  mpg video/mpeg  mpg4 video/mp4  mpga audio/mpeg  mpn application/vnd.mophun.application  mpp application/vnd.ms-project  mps application/x-mapserver  mrl text/x-mrml  mrm application/x-mrm  ms application/x-troff-ms  mts application/metastream  mtx application/metastream  mtz application/metastream  mzv application/metastream  nar application/zip  nbmp image/nbmp  nc application/x-netcdf  ndb x-lml/x-ndb  ndwn application/ndwn  nif application/x-nif  nmz application/x-scream  nokia-op-logo image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color  npx application/x-netfpx  nsnd audio/nsnd  nva application/x-neva1  oda application/oda  oom application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin  pac audio/x-pac  pae audio/x-epac  pan application/x-pan  pbm image/x-portable-bitmap  pcx image/x-pcx  pda image/x-pda  pdb chemical/x-pdb  pdf application/pdf  pfr application/font-tdpfr  pgm image/x-portable-graymap  pict image/x-pict  pm application/x-perl  pmd application/x-pmd  png image/png  pnm image/x-portable-anymap  pnz image/png  pot application/vnd.ms-powerpoint  ppm image/x-portable-pixmap  pps application/vnd.ms-powerpoint  ppt application/vnd.ms-powerpoint  pqf application/x-cprplayer  pqi application/cprplayer  prc application/x-prc  proxy application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig  ps application/postscript  ptlk application/listenup  pub application/x-mspublisher  pvx video/x-pv-pvx  qcp audio/vnd.qcelp  qt video/quicktime  qti image/x-quicktime  qtif image/x-quicktime  r3t text/vnd.rn-realtext3d  ra audio/x-pn-realaudio  ram audio/x-pn-realaudio  rar application/x-rar-compressed  ras image/x-cmu-raster  rdf application/rdf+xml  rf image/vnd.rn-realflash  rgb image/x-rgb  rlf application/x-richlink  rm audio/x-pn-realaudio  rmf audio/x-rmf  rmm audio/x-pn-realaudio  rmvb audio/x-pn-realaudio  rnx application/vnd.rn-realplayer  roff application/x-troff  rp image/vnd.rn-realpix  rpm audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin  rt text/vnd.rn-realtext  rte x-lml/x-gps  rtf application/rtf  rtg application/metastream  rtx text/richtext  rv video/vnd.rn-realvideo  rwc application/x-rogerwilco  s3m audio/x-mod  s3z audio/x-mod  sca application/x-supercard  scd application/x-msschedule  sdf application/e-score  sea application/x-stuffit  sgm text/x-sgml  sgml text/x-sgml  sh application/x-sh  shar application/x-shar  shtml magnus-internal/parsed-html  shw application/presentations  si6 image/si6  si7 image/vnd.stiwap.sis  si9 image/vnd.lgtwap.sis  sis application/vnd.symbian.install  sit application/x-stuffit  skd application/x-Koan  skm application/x-Koan  skp application/x-Koan  skt application/x-Koan  slc application/x-salsa  smd audio/x-smd  smi application/smil  smil application/smil  smp application/studiom  smz audio/x-smd  snd audio/basic  spc text/x-speech  spl application/futuresplash  spr application/x-sprite  sprite application/x-sprite  sdp application/sdp  spt application/x-spt  src application/x-wais-source  stk application/hyperstudio  stm audio/x-mod  sv4cpio application/x-sv4cpio  sv4crc application/x-sv4crc  svf image/vnd  svg image/svg-xml  svh image/svh  svr x-world/x-svr  swf application/x-shockwave-flash  swfl application/x-shockwave-flash  t application/x-troff  tad application/octet-stream  talk text/x-speech  tar application/x-tar  taz application/x-tar  tbp application/x-timbuktu  tbt application/x-timbuktu  tcl application/x-tcl  tex application/x-tex  texi application/x-texinfo  texinfo application/x-texinfo  tgz application/x-tar  thm application/vnd.eri.thm  tif image/tiff  tiff image/tiff  tki application/x-tkined  tkined application/x-tkined  toc application/toc  toy image/toy  tr application/x-troff  trk x-lml/x-gps  trm application/x-msterminal  tsi audio/tsplayer  tsp application/dsptype  tsv text/tab-separated-values  tsv text/tab-separated-values  ttf application/octet-stream  ttz application/t-time  txt text/plain  ult audio/x-mod  ustar application/x-ustar  uu application/x-uuencode  uue application/x-uuencode  vcd application/x-cdlink  vcf text/x-vcard  vdo video/vdo  vib audio/vib  viv video/vivo  vivo video/vivo  vmd application/vocaltec-media-desc  vmf application/vocaltec-media-file  vmi application/x-dreamcast-vms-info  vms application/x-dreamcast-vms  vox audio/voxware  vqe audio/x-twinvq-plugin  vqf audio/x-twinvq  vql audio/x-twinvq  vre x-world/x-vream  vrml x-world/x-vrml  vrt x-world/x-vrt  vrw x-world/x-vream  vts workbook/formulaone  wav audio/x-wav  wax audio/x-ms-wax  wbmp image/vnd.wap.wbmp  web application/vnd.xara  wi image/wavelet  wis application/x-InstallShield  wm video/x-ms-wm  wma audio/x-ms-wma  wmd application/x-ms-wmd  wmf application/x-msmetafile  wml text/vnd.wap.wml  wmlc application/vnd.wap.wmlc  wmls text/vnd.wap.wmlscript  wmlsc application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc  wmlscript text/vnd.wap.wmlscript  wmv video/x-ms-wmv  wmx video/x-ms-wmx  wmz application/x-ms-wmz  wpng image/x-up-wpng  wpt x-lml/x-gps  wri application/x-mswrite  wrl x-world/x-vrml  wrz x-world/x-vrml  ws text/vnd.wap.wmlscript  wsc application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc  wv video/wavelet  wvx video/x-ms-wvx  wxl application/x-wxl  x-gzip application/x-gzip  xar application/vnd.xara  xbm image/x-xbitmap  xdm application/x-xdma  xdma application/x-xdma  xdw application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks  xht application/xhtml+xml  xhtm application/xhtml+xml  xhtml application/xhtml+xml  xla application/vnd.ms-excel  xlc application/vnd.ms-excel  xll application/x-excel  xlm application/vnd.ms-excel  xls application/vnd.ms-excel  xlt application/vnd.ms-excel  xlw application/vnd.ms-excel  xm audio/x-mod  xml text/xml  xmz audio/x-mod  xpi application/x-xpinstall  xpm image/x-xpixmap  xsit text/xml  xsl text/xml  xul text/xul  xwd image/x-xwindowdump  xyz chemical/x-pdb  yz1 application/x-yz1  z application/x-compress  zac application/x-zaurus-zac  zip application/zip

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